Tissue paper from cabbage leaf – waste paper mixtures
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Muthumari Perumal
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Varalakshmi Varatharajan
Abstract
Wood has traditionally been the primary raw material for papermaking, but its use contributes to deforestation. Vegetable waste offers a sustainable alternative for the paper industry. This study explores the potential of cabbage waste combined with wastepaper in varying compositions (20–100 wt% at 20 wt% intervals) for paper production. The prepared tissue papers were evaluated for grammage, thickness, tensile strength, burst strength, moisture content, and FTIR analysis. Results showed that increasing cabbage leaf content led to a decrease in grammage and thickness indicating reduced fibre density and increased porosity. The optimum tensile strength (3.33 Nm/g) and burst strength (6 kPa m2/g) were observed at 60 wt% cabbage leaves, suggesting enhanced fibre bonding and structural integrity at this composition. Beyond this threshold, mechanical properties declined due to weaker fibre interactions. Moisture content increased up to 60 wt% (7.4 %), then decreased at higher cabbage leaf proportions, balancing water retention and porosity. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of cellulose fibers and polysaccharide functional groups in the prepared tissue paper. The obtained results showed that 60 wt% cabbage leaf mixtures provide an optimal combination of strength, flexibility, and moisture control, making them suitable for tissue paper applications.
Acknowledgments
The authors have no acknowledgments to declare for this study.
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Research ethics: This research was conducted following ethical guidelines and standards. No human or animal subjects were involved in this study.
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Informed consent: Not applicable, as this study did not involve human participants.
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Author contributions: Muthumari Perumal: Conceptualization, Writing – original manuscript, Validation and Supervision. Varalakshmi Varatharajan: Methodology. Senthil kumaar Jayalakshmi Sellappan – Reviewing. Kiruthick Balu Kaliraj and Madhavan Seenivasan – Editing.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: No AI, machine learning, or large language models were used in the research process or manuscript preparation.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study.
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Research funding: The authors received no financial support for this research.
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Data availability: The data generated and analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Chemical Pulping
- Alkali-extracted spruce bark residues for pulping and making of pulp sheets
- Applications of cationic bamboo fibers for the effective reinforcements of secondary fibers
- Paper Technology
- Improving hydrophobicity and mechanical strength of rice straw paper using chitosan nanoparticles and beeswax coatings
- Extended wet pressing at elevated temperature enables enhanced dewatering for tissue and linerboard
- Tissue paper from cabbage leaf – waste paper mixtures
- Inhibition of hornification in simao pine fibers and recycled paper with different beating degrees by microwave expansion treatment
- Preparation of mycelium paper sheets and study on their adsorption properties
- Paper Physics
- Influence of the hybrid effect on the mechanical properties of pulp molds
- Paper Chemistry
- Response surface methodology optimization and anti-age properties in paper protection of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with β –cyclodextrin
- Printing
- Green innovations in natural paper ink: trends, applications, and future prospects
- Packaging
- Advanced moisture strategy for expanded formability in paper-based packaging
- Production of packaging paper from Populus deltoides NSSC pulp reinforced with rice straw cellulose nanofibrils
- Environmental Impact
- Treatment of regenerated papermaking wastewater by sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor and kinetics study
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Chemical Pulping
- Alkali-extracted spruce bark residues for pulping and making of pulp sheets
- Applications of cationic bamboo fibers for the effective reinforcements of secondary fibers
- Paper Technology
- Improving hydrophobicity and mechanical strength of rice straw paper using chitosan nanoparticles and beeswax coatings
- Extended wet pressing at elevated temperature enables enhanced dewatering for tissue and linerboard
- Tissue paper from cabbage leaf – waste paper mixtures
- Inhibition of hornification in simao pine fibers and recycled paper with different beating degrees by microwave expansion treatment
- Preparation of mycelium paper sheets and study on their adsorption properties
- Paper Physics
- Influence of the hybrid effect on the mechanical properties of pulp molds
- Paper Chemistry
- Response surface methodology optimization and anti-age properties in paper protection of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with β –cyclodextrin
- Printing
- Green innovations in natural paper ink: trends, applications, and future prospects
- Packaging
- Advanced moisture strategy for expanded formability in paper-based packaging
- Production of packaging paper from Populus deltoides NSSC pulp reinforced with rice straw cellulose nanofibrils
- Environmental Impact
- Treatment of regenerated papermaking wastewater by sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor and kinetics study
