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Significant contribution of fibrils on pulp fiber surface to water retention value

  • Minoru Kimura , Takashi Ishida , Yuko Ono , Miyuki Takeuchi und Akira Isogai ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. Februar 2020
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Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
Aus der Zeitschrift Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal Band 35 Heft 1

Abstract

The contribution of structural changes of softwood bleached kraft pulp (SBKP) fibers and partly dried SBKP handsheets to their water retention values (WRVs) was studied. Two factors related to mesopores and macropores, which were determined for super critical point (SCP)-dried SBKP sheet samples, should participate in the WRVs determined for wet SBKP sheet samples. The mesopores are formed during pulping/bleaching to remove lignin and a part of hemicelluloses that are present originally in wood cell walls. The combined volumes of mesopores and macropores (totally < ∼0.6 g g−1) in SBKP fibers after SCP drying were significantly lower than the entire WRV (∼1.6 g g−1) of the original never-dried SBKP. We hypothesize that external fibrils of SBKP fibers are formed during pulping, bleaching, washing, pressure-screening, and pressing processes at high and low solid contents in water under high shear forces. The WRV can be used as an indicator to evaluate such structural changes of external fibrils in pulp fibers and paper sheets during drying/wetting in papermaking process as well as in use under various conditions. In contrast, changes in mesopore and macropore volumes determined for SCP-dried sheets cannot properly detect such structural changes of external fibrils.

Keywords: external fibril; mesopore; nitrogen adsorption; softwood bleached kraft pulp; water retention value

Funding source: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology

Award Identifier / Grant number: JPMJCR13B2

Funding statement: This research was supported by the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST, Grant number JPMJCR13B2) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).

Acknowledgments

We thank Laura Kuhar, PhD, from Edanz Group (www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

  1. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Appendix

Preparation of partially dried SBKP sheets to evaluate water-distribution profile

When a wet paper sheet is exposed to moist air at a constant relative humidity (RH), water in the paper sheet is removed heterogeneously. The moisture contents in the outer area of a round handsheet are expected to be lower than those in the center part during drying. This heterogeneity in moisture content in one handsheet was confirmed by using the following experiment. A round handsheet with a basis weight of 60 g m−2 was formed and couched on a wire mesh mold followed by drying at 23 °C and 50 % RH. At a 67 % solid content for the partially dried handsheet, eight rectangular handsheet pieces (20 mm × 10 mm), in a row along the radial direction were cut off rapidly as shown in Figure 8 to measure their water contents (g/g, water content per dry weight of handsheet piece). The wet handsheet pieces were prepared within one minute, and their weights were measured carefully. The dried weights were measured after oven drying at 105 °C for 6 h.

Figure 8 Water-content profile in radial direction of partially dried softwood bleached kraft pulp sheet at 67 % solid content.
Figure 8

Water-content profile in radial direction of partially dried softwood bleached kraft pulp sheet at 67 % solid content.

The handsheet-peace average water contents and their standard deviations after six repetitions are shown in Figure 8. The water contents of pieces 4 to 8 were almost slightly higher than ∼0.5 g g−1, whereas those of pieces 1 to 3 were lower. Thus, the uneven distribution of water contents in the radial direction in partially dried handsheets can be excluded without using the outer handsheet 30-mm width from the edge.

Figure 9 Cell-wall thickness versus Alumen/Afiber ratio SBKP fibers measured from optical microphotographs of cross sections, such as Figure 5.
Figure 9

Cell-wall thickness versus Alumen/Afiber ratio SBKP fibers measured from optical microphotographs of cross sections, such as Figure 5.

Estimate of ratio of respective structural factors that affect the WRV

The Alumen and Afiber are defined as the average areas of the lumen and fiber cross section, respectively, for the never-dried SBKP fibers after centrifugation. The average area ratio of the pulp fiber walls that contain mesopores is expressed as ‘(Afiber−Alumen)/Afiber’. The mesopore volume of the pulp cell wall was estimated as 0.32 mL g−1 from N2-adsorption measurements (Figure 3 and corresponding discussions). The following relationship can be used: Vfiber wall/Vfiber = Afiber wall/Afiber. The volume of 1 g SBKP that consists of cellulose and hemicelluloses is 1/ρ  cm 3 . Thus, the mesopore area in the cross-sectional fiber wall of SBKP is expressed as 0.32/(0.32 + 1/ρ), and the cellulose and hemicellulose area in the cross-sectional fiber wall of SBKP is expressed as 1/ρ/(0.32 + 1/ρ). These mesopore and ‘cellulose + hemicelluloses’ area ratios are regarded as their volumes, respectively. The volumes of lumen, mesopore, and ‘cellulose + hemicelluloses’ per 1 g SBKP are ∼0.11, ∼0.30, and ∼0.59  cm 3 , respectively, because the absolute specific gravity of cellulose and hemicelluloses in SBKP ρ was found to be 1.57 g cm−3. The volume of 0.59  cm 3 for cellulose and hemicelluloses corresponds to 0.93 g, the weights of water in cracks formed between S1 and S2 layers, lumens and mesopores are calculated to be ∼0.11 g, ∼0.12 g, and ∼0.32 g, respectively, per 1 g of SBKP fibers. Thus, only values smaller than < ∼0.6 g g−1 in WRVs can be explained in terms of water in mesopores and macropores (cracks and lumens) of SBKP fiber sheets in Figure 1.

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Received: 2018-08-06
Accepted: 2019-08-26
Published Online: 2020-02-04
Published in Print: 2020-03-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review paper
  3. On the development of the refiner mechanical pulping process – a review
  4. Bleaching
  5. Oxalate formation during ClO2 bleaching of bamboo kraft pulp
  6. Mechanical pulping
  7. Defibration mechanisms and energy consumption in the grinding zone – a lab scale equipment and method to evaluate groundwood pulping tools
  8. Paper technology
  9. Insight into fractionation performance of American old corrugated containers pulp in pressure screening
  10. Comprehensive utilization of Ganoderma lucidum residues in papermaking
  11. Effect of turbulence generator structures to the performance of medium-consistency pump at high rotation speed excesses 2000 rpm
  12. Mechanical properties of low-density paper
  13. Determination of relative solids concentration in homogeneous dual component pulp-filler suspension by multi-spectrophotometer
  14. Paper physics
  15. Surface characterization of paper and paperboard using a stylus contact method
  16. Paper chemistry
  17. Filler modified by a sequential encapsulation and preflocculation method and its effect on paper properties
  18. Significant contribution of fibrils on pulp fiber surface to water retention value
  19. Impregnation of paper with cellulose nanofibrils and polyvinyl alcohol to enhance durability
  20. Printing
  21. Vibration measurements of paper prints and the data analysis
  22. Predicting inkjet dot spreading and print through from liquid penetration- and picoliter contact angle measurement
  23. Environmental impact
  24. Hydrophobic cellulose aerogel from waste napkin paper for oil sorption applications
  25. A comparative study of an anaerobic-oxic (AO) system and a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) in coating wastewater treatment and their microbial communities
  26. Acknowledgment
  27. Acknowledgment
https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-0041
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
external fibril; mesopore; nitrogen adsorption; softwood bleached kraft pulp; water retention value

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review paper
  3. On the development of the refiner mechanical pulping process – a review
  4. Bleaching
  5. Oxalate formation during ClO2 bleaching of bamboo kraft pulp
  6. Mechanical pulping
  7. Defibration mechanisms and energy consumption in the grinding zone – a lab scale equipment and method to evaluate groundwood pulping tools
  8. Paper technology
  9. Insight into fractionation performance of American old corrugated containers pulp in pressure screening
  10. Comprehensive utilization of Ganoderma lucidum residues in papermaking
  11. Effect of turbulence generator structures to the performance of medium-consistency pump at high rotation speed excesses 2000 rpm
  12. Mechanical properties of low-density paper
  13. Determination of relative solids concentration in homogeneous dual component pulp-filler suspension by multi-spectrophotometer
  14. Paper physics
  15. Surface characterization of paper and paperboard using a stylus contact method
  16. Paper chemistry
  17. Filler modified by a sequential encapsulation and preflocculation method and its effect on paper properties
  18. Significant contribution of fibrils on pulp fiber surface to water retention value
  19. Impregnation of paper with cellulose nanofibrils and polyvinyl alcohol to enhance durability
  20. Printing
  21. Vibration measurements of paper prints and the data analysis
  22. Predicting inkjet dot spreading and print through from liquid penetration- and picoliter contact angle measurement
  23. Environmental impact
  24. Hydrophobic cellulose aerogel from waste napkin paper for oil sorption applications
  25. A comparative study of an anaerobic-oxic (AO) system and a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) in coating wastewater treatment and their microbial communities
  26. Acknowledgment
  27. Acknowledgment
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