Abstract
One of the most studied forms of multilingual language use is code-switching, the use of more than one language within a speech exchange. Some forms of code-switching may also be regarded as instances of translation, but the relation between these notions in studies of multilingual discourse remains underspecified. The present article examines the intersection of code-switching and translation by exploring multilingual reiteration, the phenomenon most clearly intertwined with both code-switching and translation. We reflect on the analytical treatment of reiterations as occasions of code-switching and/or translation by reviewing the use of related terms in previous studies and by examining two sets of data. We analyze multilingual contemporary conversations and early modern drama by employing two separate functional approaches: conversation analysis/interactional linguistics and pragmaphilology/historical socio-pragmatics. Instead of viewing reiteration primarily as a type of code-switching or translation, this study considers it more broadly as an act of repetition, with each case possessing its individual, context-sensitive properties. In particular, the study investigates multilingual reiteration from the point of view of the organizational features of repetition within the larger context of action and discourse.
Funding statement: Funding: Aleksi Mäkilähde gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Orationes project, funded by the Academy of Finland (funding decision 140369).
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Jyrki Kalliokoski, Peter Auer, Outi Paloposki, the editors of this special issue, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments on drafts of this article.
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Appendix 1. Conversation analytic transcription symbols
| . | falling intonation |
| ; | slightly falling intonation |
| , | level intonation |
| ? | rising intonation |
| ↑ | rise in pitch |
| ↓ | fall in pitch |
| speak | emphasis |
| >speak< | faster pace than in the surrounding talk |
| <speak> | slower pace than in the surrounding talk |
| °speak° | quiet talk |
| SPEAK | loud talk |
| sp- | word cut off |
| spea:k | sound lengthening |
| #speak# | creaky voice |
| £speak£ | smiley voice |
| @speak@ | other change in voice quality |
| .h | audible inhalation |
| h | audible exhalation |
| he he | laughter |
| sp(h)eak | laughter within talk |
| [ | beginning of overlap |
| ] | end of overlap |
| = | no gap between two adjacent items |
| (.) | micropause (less than 0.2 s) |
| (0.6) | pause in seconds |
| (speak) | item in doubt |
| (-) | item not heard |
| small caps | gaze or embodied behavior |
| *, + | timing of gaze or embodied behavior |
| → | target line |
©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Multilingual practices in contemporary and historical contexts: interfaces between code-switching and translation
- Conversations about code-switching: contrasting ideologies of purity and authenticity in Basque bilinguals’ reactions to bilingual speech
- Reiteration: at the intersection of code-switching and translation
- Code-switching and vernacular support: an early Middle English case study
- Minority voices in literary fiction: a case study of translating multilingual practices
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Multilingual practices in contemporary and historical contexts: interfaces between code-switching and translation
- Conversations about code-switching: contrasting ideologies of purity and authenticity in Basque bilinguals’ reactions to bilingual speech
- Reiteration: at the intersection of code-switching and translation
- Code-switching and vernacular support: an early Middle English case study
- Minority voices in literary fiction: a case study of translating multilingual practices