Analysis of friction welded square sections of AISI 430/HARDOX 450 steels

Oğuz Tekin; Tanju Teker

doi:10.1515/mt-2025-0187

Article

Analysis of friction welded square sections of AISI 430/HARDOX 450 steels

Oğuz Tekin
Oğuz Tekin was born in Sivas in 1995. He graduated from Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Sivas, Türkiye, in 2021. He studied welding technologies.
and Tanju Teker
Prof. Dr. Tanju Teker, born in Sivas, works in Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Sivas, Türkiye. He graduated in Metallurgy Education from Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye, in 1997. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye in 2004 and 2010, respectively. His research interests include casting, welding technologies, material surface treatments, and tribology.

Published/Copyright: July 22, 2025

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From the journal Materials Testing Volume 67 Issue 9

Abstract

Friction welding (FW) is an extremely economical and efficient method for jointing similar or dissimilar metals. This technique is frequently preferred in the automotive and aviation sectors. It offers an effective solution to overcome the difficulties encountered in jointing materials with different physical properties. In this study, AISI 430/HARDOX 450 steels were joined by friction welding using different speeds. The structural changes in the welded joints were assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), elemental mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In addition, tensile test, notch impact test, and microhardness test were applied to the samples. Fracture surface examinations after the notch impact test were performed by SEM. Macroscopically, the samples were uniformly combined in all cycle variables. At higher rotational speeds, the deformation between the two metals increased, producing stronger joints.

Keywords: friction welding; AISI 430; HARDOX 450; microstructure; mechanical properties

Corresponding author: Tanju Teker, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye, E-mail: tanjuteker@cumhuriyet.edu.tr

About the authors

Oğuz Tekin

Oğuz Tekin was born in Sivas in 1995. He graduated from Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Sivas, Türkiye, in 2021. He studied welding technologies.

Tanju Teker

Prof. Dr. Tanju Teker, born in Sivas, works in Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Sivas, Türkiye. He graduated in Metallurgy Education from Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye, in 1997. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye in 2004 and 2010, respectively. His research interests include casting, welding technologies, material surface treatments, and tribology.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Institute of Science for their assistance.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: The author has accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Conflict of interest: The author state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: No funding was received.
Data availability: Not applicable.

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Published Online: 2025-07-22

Published in Print: 2025-09-25

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2025-0187

Keywords for this article

friction welding; AISI 430; HARDOX 450; microstructure; mechanical properties