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Effect of hygrothermal aging and ply-stacking sequence on low-velocity impact properties of CFRP composite plates

  • Mustafa Biçer

    Mustafa Biçer, born in 1981, received his BSc degree in 2005 at the Department of Industrial Design at Anadolu University, his MSc degree in 2023 Naval Architecture branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He worked on Mega Yacht, Prototype, and Industrial Design projects in various companies in Istanbul, Türkiye for 10 years. He is currently a lecturer at the Industrial Design Department at Yasar University, Izmir, Türkiye.

     ORCID logo     and Erkin Altunsaray

    Dr. Erkin Altunsaray, born in 1977, received his BSc degree in 2000 at the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye, his MSc degree in 2005 at the Naval Architecture branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye, and his PhD degree in 2011 at the Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yildiz Technical University. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Naval Architecture Programme, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology at Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. His areas of research are behaviors of composite boat material in marine environments and structural analysis of small craft. He is a member of the Turkish Chamber of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.

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Published/Copyright: March 3, 2025
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 67 Issue 4

Abstract

It is essential to obtain preliminary design data of composite marine vehicles operated in harsh marine environments, such as those with hygrothermal and impact effects. The effects of hygrothermal aging and stacking sequence on the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of carbon fiber epoxy composite plates (CFRP) were investigated experimentally. CFRP plates in six orientations [0°/90°/45°/−45°]s, [90°/45°/−45°/0°]s, [0°/90°/0°/90°]s, [90°/0°/90°/0°]s, [−45°/45°/−45°/45°]s, and [45°/−45°/45°/−45°]s (quasi-isotropic, cross-ply, and angle-ply) were manufactured using a vacuum-assisted resin infusion method. LVI tests were performed by using the Ceast 9350 Fractovis Plus impact machine. Four aging conditions (atmospheric, 2, 4, and 6 weeks aged) were simulated using Ascott CC 1000ip programmable salt spray and cyclic corrosion test chamber cabin. The effect of the ply-stacking sequence plays an important role in the failure of the top or bottom surface of the plate samples and dent depth. When 0-degree fiber is used on the upper and lower surfaces of the plates, the dent depth is lowest, followed by 90, +45, and −45°, respectively. Dent depth and top surface fiber cracking lengths generally decrease as the process begins with initial atmospheric conditions reaching 6 weeks.

Keywords: CFRP composite plates; low-velocity impact (LVI); hygrothermal aging; ply-stacking sequence; experimental study
Corresponding author: Erkin Altunsaray, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, Haydar Aliyev Bul. No:32 Inciralti Balcova, Izmir, Türkiye, E-mail:

Funding source: Dokuz Eylul University

Award Identifier / Grant number: 2021.KB.FEN.002

About the authors

Mustafa Biçer

Mustafa Biçer, born in 1981, received his BSc degree in 2005 at the Department of Industrial Design at Anadolu University, his MSc degree in 2023 Naval Architecture branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He worked on Mega Yacht, Prototype, and Industrial Design projects in various companies in Istanbul, Türkiye for 10 years. He is currently a lecturer at the Industrial Design Department at Yasar University, Izmir, Türkiye.

Erkin Altunsaray

Dr. Erkin Altunsaray, born in 1977, received his BSc degree in 2000 at the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye, his MSc degree in 2005 at the Naval Architecture branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye, and his PhD degree in 2011 at the Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yildiz Technical University. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Naval Architecture Programme, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology at Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. His areas of research are behaviors of composite boat material in marine environments and structural analysis of small craft. He is a member of the Turkish Chamber of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dokuz Eylül University, the Department of Scientific Research Project, and the Mechanical Engineering Composite Research and Test Laboratory for their support.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study, or their legal guardians or wards.

  3. Author contributions: “The author(s) have (has) accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.”

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: Licensed Grammarly was used to improve the manuscript language to checked and improved.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This study was supported by the Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Scientific Research Project (Project Number: 2021.KB.FEN.002).

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Published Online: 2025-03-03
Published in Print: 2025-04-28

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  2. Bending of wavy spider web honeycomb sandwich structures using PLA
  3. Tensile testing of high-speed rail wheels using tiny specimens
  4. Impact breaking energies and transition temperatures of construction steels produced from scrap
  5. Creep failure analysis of directionally solidified CM247LC superalloy
  6. Corrosion behavior of a dissimilar Inconel 625 superalloy and AISI 316L stainless steel weld
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  11. Fatigue strength of welded armor steels with different weld penetration
  12. Effect of hybridization type, hole-distance and number of holes on the resistance of intraply hybrid composite plates against multiple impact
  13. Effect of hygrothermal aging and ply-stacking sequence on low-velocity impact properties of CFRP composite plates
  14. Modelling the phase homogenization subsequent to the boriding process
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https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0395
Keywords for this article
CFRP composite plates; low-velocity impact (LVI); hygrothermal aging; ply-stacking sequence; experimental study

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Bending of wavy spider web honeycomb sandwich structures using PLA
  3. Tensile testing of high-speed rail wheels using tiny specimens
  4. Impact breaking energies and transition temperatures of construction steels produced from scrap
  5. Creep failure analysis of directionally solidified CM247LC superalloy
  6. Corrosion behavior of a dissimilar Inconel 625 superalloy and AISI 316L stainless steel weld
  7. Electrochemical investigation on the resistance of batch hot-dip galvanized coatings using a gel-type electrolyte
  8. Effect of austempering on wear resistance of GGG50 nodular cast iron
  9. Enhanced hippopotamus optimization algorithm and artificial neural network for mechanical component design
  10. Application of the incremental hole-drilling method for residual stress determination in type 4 pressure vessels
  11. Fatigue strength of welded armor steels with different weld penetration
  12. Effect of hybridization type, hole-distance and number of holes on the resistance of intraply hybrid composite plates against multiple impact
  13. Effect of hygrothermal aging and ply-stacking sequence on low-velocity impact properties of CFRP composite plates
  14. Modelling the phase homogenization subsequent to the boriding process
  15. Optimal hydraulic engine mount parameters using design of experiment (DoE) and response surface methodology
  16. Improved material generation algorithm by opposition-based learning and laplacian crossover for global optimization and advances in real-world engineering problems
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