Production and characterization of waste walnut shell powder that can be used as a sustainable eco-friendly reinforcement in biocomposites

Bekir Çevik; Yücel Avşar

doi:10.1515/mt-2024-0018

Article

Production and characterization of waste walnut shell powder that can be used as a sustainable eco-friendly reinforcement in biocomposites

Bekir Çevik
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bekir Çevik, born in 1983, Mechanical Engineer, received his BSc degree from Gazi University and Düzce University, Turkey, in 2006 and 2021. He received his MSc degree in Institute of Science and Technology, Gazi University, in 2009 and completed his PhD at the same university and in the same science fields in 2014. He has been working in the Department of Biosystems Engineering of Düzce University, Turkey. His research interests include materials science, mainly residual stress, welding, and biocomposites.
and Yücel Avşar
Research Assistant Yücel Avşar graduated from Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery, in 2018. In 2020, he started working as a research assistant at the Düzce University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystems Engineering. He completed his master’s degree at Çukurova University, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, in 2022. He is currently continuing his PhD education in the same department.

Published/Copyright: May 22, 2024

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From the journal Materials Testing Volume 66 Issue 8

Abstract

The rapid depletion of natural resources and the increase of environmental problems due to production-related waste necessitate sustainable waste management. In particular, reintroducing by-products and waste generated by agricultural activities into the economy is critical to reduce environmental pollution, solve the storage problem, and promote sustainability. Agricultural wastes such as fiber, husks, cobs, stalks, straw, dust, and particles are recyclable and can be innovatively reused in various sectors. One of the innovative fields where sustainable agricultural waste management can be implemented is the development of biocomposites. One of the most important steps in the production of biocomposites reinforced with agricultural waste is processing the waste biomass and making it usable as a reinforcing element. This study investigated the production of powder reinforcements for biocomposite material from the biomass of walnut shells using a ring mill. The walnut shells, mechanically reduced in size, were first dried at 100 °C for 3 h and ground at four different grinding times (10, 20, 30, and 40 min). Afterward, the waste walnut shell powders were subjected to sieve analysis and precise weight measurements. Then, the waste walnut shell powders, which were dried at 100 °C for 3 h and ground for 40 min, were subjected to a second drying process at 100 °C (60, 180, and 300 min) and ground again for 40 min. Then, the resulting waste walnut shell powders were subjected to sieve analysis, precision weight measurements, and microscopic, and SEM analyses to determine the characterization of the powders.

Keywords: biocomposite; walnut shell; sustainability; reinforcement; agricultural waste

Corresponding author: Bekir Çevik and Yücel AvŞar, Department of Biosystems Engineering, 121595 Düzce University , Düzce, Türkiye, E-mail: bekircevik@duzce.edu.tr (B. Çevik), yucelavsar@duzce.edu.tr (Y. AvŞar)

Funding source: Düzce University Research Fund.

Award Identifier / Grant number: 2022.11.01.1369

About the authors

Bekir Çevik

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bekir Çevik, born in 1983, Mechanical Engineer, received his BSc degree from Gazi University and Düzce University, Turkey, in 2006 and 2021. He received his MSc degree in Institute of Science and Technology, Gazi University, in 2009 and completed his PhD at the same university and in the same science fields in 2014. He has been working in the Department of Biosystems Engineering of Düzce University, Turkey. His research interests include materials science, mainly residual stress, welding, and biocomposites.

Yücel Avşar

Research Assistant Yücel Avşar graduated from Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery, in 2018. In 2020, he started working as a research assistant at the Düzce University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystems Engineering. He completed his master’s degree at Çukurova University, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, in 2022. He is currently continuing his PhD education in the same department.

Research ethics: The author declares no conflicts of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by the author.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no financial or commercial conflicts of interest.
Research funding: This study is supported by Düzce University Research Fund Project Number: 2022.11.01.1369.
Data availability: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Published Online: 2024-05-22

Published in Print: 2024-08-27

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0018

Keywords for this article

biocomposite; walnut shell; sustainability; reinforcement; agricultural waste