Home Technology Measurement of the deformation and strain of AZ31B magnesium alloy under quasi-static complex loading
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Measurement of the deformation and strain of AZ31B magnesium alloy under quasi-static complex loading

  • Hui Lin

    Hui Lin, born in 1987, studied mechanical engineering at Zhejiang university of technology from 2016 to 2020. Then he worked as lecturer and associate professor at Hangzhou vocational & technical college and focus on the experimental solid mechanics now.

    , Lidong Shao

    Lidong Shao, born in 1970, studied mechanical engineering at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (Now renamed as Jiangsu university) from 1989 to 1993. Then he worked as a teacher at Hangzhou vocational & technical college over then 20 years. One of his long-term research goals has been to predict the forming property of light weight sheet.

    , Lin Lv

    Lin Lv, born in 1988, is studying for her doctor’s degree in control engineering at Zhejiang university of technology. Her research mainly focuses on the application of machine learning in sheet metal forming. She is a lecturer in School of automotive at Hangzhou vocational and technical college.

    EMAIL logo
    and Tao Jin

    Tao Jin, born in 1989, studied solid mechanics at Taiyuan university of technology from 2013 to 2016. After that, he worked as lecturer in institute of applied mechanics at Taiyuan university of technology. His research interest focuses on the formability and mechanical responses of metallic sheet.

Published/Copyright: November 4, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The deformation responses of AZ31B magnesium alloy under complex forming process are investigated experimentally through using the specially designed loading device consists of two metal blocks with two symmetrical bevelled ends. Based on digital image correlation analysis, the deformation process of specimen is clarified and the typical deformation modes are proposed. Results show that compression dominate the deformation response of specimen with smaller loading angle, while shear deformation becomes the major mode when the loading angle large enough. And an empirical formula is established for quantitative description the relationship between strain path and loading angle.


Corresponding author: Lin Lv, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: 11802199

Funding source: Shaoxing science and technology project

Award Identifier / Grant number: 2018C10005

Funding source: Open Fund of State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures

Award Identifier / Grant number: SV2019-KF-15

Funding source: University-enterprise cooperation Project of visiting Engineer of universities

Award Identifier / Grant number: FG2021035

About the authors

Hui Lin

Hui Lin, born in 1987, studied mechanical engineering at Zhejiang university of technology from 2016 to 2020. Then he worked as lecturer and associate professor at Hangzhou vocational & technical college and focus on the experimental solid mechanics now.

Lidong Shao

Lidong Shao, born in 1970, studied mechanical engineering at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (Now renamed as Jiangsu university) from 1989 to 1993. Then he worked as a teacher at Hangzhou vocational & technical college over then 20 years. One of his long-term research goals has been to predict the forming property of light weight sheet.

Lin Lv

Lin Lv, born in 1988, is studying for her doctor’s degree in control engineering at Zhejiang university of technology. Her research mainly focuses on the application of machine learning in sheet metal forming. She is a lecturer in School of automotive at Hangzhou vocational and technical college.

Tao Jin

Tao Jin, born in 1989, studied solid mechanics at Taiyuan university of technology from 2013 to 2016. After that, he worked as lecturer in institute of applied mechanics at Taiyuan university of technology. His research interest focuses on the formability and mechanical responses of metallic sheet.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Dr. X. Hao and Prof. D. Zhao for their support in experiments and discussions.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11802199), Hui Lin would like to acknowledge Shaoxing science and technology project (Grant No. 2018C10005) and University-enterprise cooperation Project of visiting Engineer of universities (Grant No. FG2021035), Tao Jin is grateful to the support from the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’An Jiaotong University (SV2019-KF-15).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

References

[1] Q. Xia, J. Long, G. Xiao, S. Yuan, and Y. Qin, “Deformation mechanism of ZK61 magnesium alloy cylindrical parts with longitudinal inner ribs during hot backward flow forming,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 296, 2021, Art. no. 117197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117197.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Y. Tian, H. Hu, P. Liang, D. Zhang, and Z. Ou, “Influences of expanding angles on extrusion-shearing-expanding processing of AZ31 magnesium alloy thin-walled tubes,” Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol., vol. 118, nos. 3–4, pp. 751–758, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07898-3.Search in Google Scholar

[3] S. Yuan, Q. Xia, J. Long, G. Xiao, and X. Cheng, “Study of the microstructures and mechanical properties of ZK61 magnesium alloy cylindrical parts with inner ribs formed by hot power spinning,” Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol., vol. 111, nos. 3–4, pp. 851–860, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06091-2.Search in Google Scholar

[4] X. M. Chen, W. Z. Chen, L. X. Zhang, H. X. Wang, W. K. Wang, and W. C. Zhang, “Combined-extrusion techniques for fabricating yield-symmetric ZK61 magnesium alloys rods focusing on texture influence on their mechanical responses,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 297, 2021, Art. no. 117236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117236.Search in Google Scholar

[5] W. Jia, L. Ma, M. Jiao, Q. Le, T. Han, and C. Che, “Fracture criterion for predicting edge-cracking in hot rolling of twin-roll casted AZ31 Mg alloy,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 4773–4787, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.02.103.Search in Google Scholar

[6] D. Campanella, G. Buffa, E. Lo Valvo, and L. Fratini, “A numerical approach for the modelling of forming limits in hot incremental forming of AZ31 magnesium alloy,” Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol., vol. 114, nos. 11–12, pp. 3229–3239, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07059-6.Search in Google Scholar

[7] T. Jin, Z. Zhou, J. Qiu, et al.., “Investigation on the yield behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 738, pp. 79–88, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.160.Search in Google Scholar

[8] N. Chandola, R. A. Lebensohn, O. Cazacu, B. Revil-Baudard, R. K. Mishra, and F. Barlat, “Combined effects of anisotropy and tension–compression asymmetry on the torsional response of AZ31 Mg,” Int. J. Solids Struct., vol. 58, pp. 190–200, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.01.001.Search in Google Scholar

[9] M. E. Demir, Y. H. Çelik, and E. Kilickap, “Effect of matrix material and orientation angle on tensile and tribological behavior of jute reinforced composites,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, pp. 806–812, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111388.Search in Google Scholar

[10] H. Chen, T. Liu, H. Yu, et al.., “Dependence of microstructure and hardening behavior on torsion strain and strain rate in extruded AZ31 rods,” Adv. Eng. Mater., vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1683–1689, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201600219.Search in Google Scholar

[11] T. Han, G. Huang, H. Li, L. Wang, H. Zhang, and F. Pan, “Strength-ductility balance of AZ31 magnesium alloy via accumulated extrusion bonding combined with two-stage artificial cooling,” J. Magnesium Alloys, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.06.025, in press.Search in Google Scholar

[12] J. Hu, H. Gao, Y. Meng, Z. Zhang, and L. Gao, “Effects of free-end torsion on the microstructure evolution and fatigue properties in an extruded AZ31 rod,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 726, pp. 215–222, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.04.078.Search in Google Scholar

[13] C. Yang, B. Shi, Y. Peng, and F. Pan, “Transition from convex to concave of equal plastic work contours for wrought magnesium alloy under multi-axial loading,” Int. J. Solids Struct., vol. 150, pp. 117–124, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2018.06.005.Search in Google Scholar

[14] D. Krause, R. Eckner, and L. Krüger, “Influence of work-hardening and lower temperatures on the yield stress of austenitic stainless steel X2CrNi18-10 under combined tension-torsion loading,” Adv. Eng. Mater., vol. 21, no. 5, 2018, Art. no. 800663, https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201800663.Search in Google Scholar

[15] W. Yu, C. Ma, Y. Ma, and S. Xiong, “Correlation of 3D defect-band morphologies and mechanical properties in high pressure die casting magnesium alloy,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 288, 2021, Art. no. 116853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116853.Search in Google Scholar

[16] X. Q. Guo, W. Wu, P. D. Wu, H. Qiao, K. An, and P. K. Liaw, “On the swift effect and twinning in a rolled magnesium alloy under free-end torsion,” Scr. Mater., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 319–322, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.05.010.Search in Google Scholar

[17] C. Yang, H. Liu, B. Yang, et al.., “The effect of pre-twinning on the mechanical behavior of free-end torsion for an extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 743, pp. 391–396, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.051.Search in Google Scholar

[18] F. Kabirian, A. S. Khan, and T. Gnäupel-Herlod, “Visco-plastic modeling of mechanical responses and texture evolution in extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy for various loading conditions,” Int. J. Plast., vol. 68, pp. 1–20, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.10.012.Search in Google Scholar

[19] L. Carneiro, D. Culbertson, X. Zhu, Q. Yu, and Y. Jiang, “Twinning characteristics in rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy under three stress states,” Mater. Charact., vol. 175, 2021, Art. no. 111050, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111050.Search in Google Scholar

[20] B. Yang, Y. Dong, D. Guo, et al.., “Anisotropic mechanical behavior and corresponding microstructure evolution of extruded AZ31 under combined normal/shear stress states,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 760, pp. 415–425, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.06.011.Search in Google Scholar

[21] Y. Jia and Y. Bai, “Experimental study on the mechanical properties of AZ31B-H24 magnesium alloy sheets under various loading conditions,” Int. J. Fract., vol. 197, no. 1, pp. 25–48, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0057-7.Search in Google Scholar

[22] T. Jin, Z. Zhou, X. Shu, Z. Wang, G. Wu, and Z. Liu, “Effects of strain rate on PMMA failure behavior,” Appl. Phys. A, vol. 122, no. 1, 2015, Art. no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9526-0.Search in Google Scholar

[23] T. Jin, Z. Zhou, X. Shu, Z. Wang, G. Wu, and L. Zhao, “Experimental investigation on the yield loci of PA66,” Polym. Test., vol. 51, pp. 148–150, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.03.007.Search in Google Scholar

[24] T. Jin, Z. Zhou, X. Shu, Z. Wang, G. Wu, and L. Zhao, “Investigation on the yield behaviour and macroscopic phenomenological constitutive law of PA66,” Polym. Test., vol. 69, pp. 563–582, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.06.014.Search in Google Scholar

[25] X. Nie, W. W. Chen, X. Sun, and D. W. Templeton, “Dynamic failure of borosilicate glass under compression/shear loading experiments,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 90, no. 8, pp. 2556–2562, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01819.x.Search in Google Scholar

[26] D. Rittel, G. Ravichandran, and A. Venkert, “The mechanical response of pure iron at high strain rates under dominant shear,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 432, nos. 1–2, pp. 191–201, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.154.Search in Google Scholar

[27] H. Lin, T. Jin, L. Lv, and Q. Ai, “Indentation size effect in pressure-sensitive polymer based on A criterion for description of yield differential effects and shear transformation-mediated plasticity,” Polymers, vol. 11, no. 3, 2019, Art. no. 412, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030412.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[28] C. Yang, B. Shi, Y. Peng, and F. Pan, “Loading path dependent distortional hardening of Mg alloys: experimental investigation and constitutive modeling on cruciform specimens,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., vol. 160, pp. 282–297, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.06.046.Search in Google Scholar

[29] S. Cai and Q. Li, “Analysis of the forming behaviors of magnesium alloy AZ31 by vaporizing metal foils,” Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol., vol. 114, nos. 3–4, pp. 929–937, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06970-2.Search in Google Scholar

[30] G. Rebergue, B. Blaysat, H. Chanal, and E. Duc, “In-situ measurement of machining part deflection with digital image correlation,” Measurement, vol. 187, 2022, Art. no. 110301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110301.Search in Google Scholar

[31] T. Rusin and M. Kopernik, “Characterization of biocompatible materials using stereo microscope 3D digital image correlation,” Adv. Eng. Mater., vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1651–1660, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201600266.Search in Google Scholar

[32] E. Beatrice, E. Jan, and W. Thomas, “Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of a poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) hydrogel,” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 309–318, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X211014571.Search in Google Scholar

[33] Z. Zheng, Y. Tian, D. Li, and C. Liu, “Tearing behavior of membrane coated fabrics based on the DIC method under the effect of initial crack length,” Mater. Test., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 41–48, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111279.Search in Google Scholar

[34] M. Gajewski and L. Kowalewski, “Inverse analysis and DIC as tools to determine material parameters in isotropic metal plasticity models with isotropic strain hardening,” Mater. Test., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 818–825, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110925.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2022-11-04
Published in Print: 2022-11-25

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 1.1.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2022-0132/pdf
Scroll to top button