Abstract
I argue that it is not acceptable to restrict the claim that linguistic types are concrete entities (type-concretism) to some categories of linguistic types (such as words or proper names), while at the same time conceding that other categories of linguistic types (such as sentence types) are abstract entities. Moreover, I suggest a way in which type-concretism can be extended to every linguistic type, thereby responding to the so-called productivity objection to type-concretism, according to which, whenever tokens of a type t are produced in different, causally isolated circumstances, then t needs to be identified by a certain form or structure. This extension of type-concretism detaches type-concretism from so-called originalism and gives rules a prominent role in type-concretism.
Acknowledgements
A preliminary version of this paper had been presented in 2018 at the 4th Philosophy of Language and Mind Conference in Bochum (Germany) and at the 13th conference of the Italian Society for Analytic Philosophy in Novara (Italy). I would like to thank the participants to both the conferences for their patience and for their questions. I would also like to thank Giulia Felappi, Simone Gozzano, Nicholas Tasker and Anna Maria Thornton for their useful and stimulating comments on a subsequent draft.
References
Alward, P. 2005. “Between the Lines of Age: Reflections on the Metaphysics of Words.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 86 (2): 172–87.10.1111/j.1468-0114.2005.00221.xSearch in Google Scholar
Bennett, K. 2013. “Having a Part Twice Over.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 91 (1): 83–103.10.1080/00048402.2011.637936Search in Google Scholar
Bromberger, S. 2011. “What are Words? Comments on Kaplan (1990), on Hawthorne and Lepore, and on the Issue.” The Journal of Philosophy 108 (9): 486–503.10.5840/2011108925Search in Google Scholar
Burge, T. 1973. “Reference and Proper Names.” The Journal of Philosophy 70 (14): 425–39.10.2307/2025107Search in Google Scholar
Cappelen, H. 1999. “Intentions in Words.” Noûs 33 (1): 92–102.10.1111/0029-4624.00143Search in Google Scholar
Di Sciullo, A. M., and E. Williams. 1987. On the Definition of Word. Cambridge (MA): The MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar
Fine, K. 2009. Semantic Relationism. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar
Fine, K. 2010. “Towards a Theory of Part.” The Journal of Philosophy 107: 559–89.10.5840/jphil20101071139Search in Google Scholar
Gasparri, L. 2016. “Originalism about Word Types.” Thought 5 (2): 126–33.10.1002/tht3.202Search in Google Scholar
Hawthorne, J., and E. Lepore. 2011. “On Words.” The Journal of Philosophy 108 (9): 447–85.10.5840/2011108924Search in Google Scholar
Irmak, N. 2018. “An Ontology of Words.” Erkenntnis DOI: 10.1007/s10670-018-0001-0.Search in Google Scholar
Kaplan, D. (1990). “Words.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary Volumes 64: 93–119.10.1093/aristoteliansupp/64.1.93Search in Google Scholar
Kaplan, D. 2011. “Words on Words.” The Journal of Philosophy 108 (9): 504–29.10.5840/2011108926Search in Google Scholar
Matthews, P. 1991. Morphology, 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP.10.1017/CBO9781139166485Search in Google Scholar
Pelczar, M., and J. Rainsbury. 1998. “The Indexical Character of Names.” Synthese 114 (2): 293–317.10.1023/A:1004992629004Search in Google Scholar
Rami, D. 2013. “The Use-Conditional Indexical Conception of Proper Names.” Philosophical Studies 168 (1): 119–50.10.1007/s11098-013-0264-xSearch in Google Scholar
Rami, D. 2015. “The Multiple Uses of Proper Nouns.” Erkenntnis 80 (S2): 405–32.10.1007/s10670-014-9704-zSearch in Google Scholar
Sainsbury, R. 2015. “The Same Name.” Erkenntnis 80 (S2): 195–214.10.1007/s10670-014-9705-ySearch in Google Scholar
Sainsbury, R., and M. Tye. 2012. Seven Puzzles of Thought. Oxford: OUP.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695317.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Savary, A., J. Rabiega-Wisniewska, and M. Wolinski. 2009. “Inflection of Polish Multi-Word Proper Names with Morfeusz and Multiflex.” In Aspects of Natural Language Processing, edited by M. Marciniak, and A. Mykowiecka, vol. 5070, 111–41. Berlin: Springer.10.1007/978-3-642-04735-0_5Search in Google Scholar
Thomasson, A. L. 1999. Fiction and Metaphysics. Cambridge: CUP.10.1017/CBO9780511527463Search in Google Scholar
Wetzel, L. 2008. Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects. Cambridge (MA): The MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/9780262013017.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Wetzel, L. 2014. “Types and Tokens.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by E. N. Zalta, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/types-tokens/.Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- A Reply to Mellor’s “Propensities and Possibilities”
- The Aristotelian Context of the Existence-Essence Distinction in De Ente Et Essentia
- Maximality, Function, and the Many
- A Uniform, Concretist Metaphysics for Linguistic Types
- Tropes and Some Ontological Prerequisites for Knowledge
- Neutralism, Naturalism and Emergence: A Critical Examination of Cumpa’s Theory of Instantiation
- Book Review
- R. D. Ingthorsson: McTaggart’s Paradox
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- A Reply to Mellor’s “Propensities and Possibilities”
- The Aristotelian Context of the Existence-Essence Distinction in De Ente Et Essentia
- Maximality, Function, and the Many
- A Uniform, Concretist Metaphysics for Linguistic Types
- Tropes and Some Ontological Prerequisites for Knowledge
- Neutralism, Naturalism and Emergence: A Critical Examination of Cumpa’s Theory of Instantiation
- Book Review
- R. D. Ingthorsson: McTaggart’s Paradox