Home Temperature and pups influence daytime roosting behavior of the great fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus, in an urban southern Brazilian habitat
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Temperature and pups influence daytime roosting behavior of the great fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus, in an urban southern Brazilian habitat

  • Sam Generoso ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Victor Quintas Schaucoski ORCID logo , João M.D. Miranda , Renato Colares ORCID logo and Fernando Carvalho ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: February 12, 2025
Mammalia
From the journal Mammalia Volume 89 Issue 3

Abstract

Urbanization affects animal behavior, making ethology crucial for understanding its full impact. Artibeus lituratus is the most captured bat species in urban environments in Brazil, yet its ethology has never been studied in the country. Furthermore, there is much to be uncovered about the roles temperature and offspring play in influencing bat behavior. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the behavior of a group of roosting A. lituratus, and to test the influence of temperature and presence of offspring on their behaviors. A group of A. lituratus was observed roosting under palm leaves, on the Campus of Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense. Ad libitum sampling was used for behavior description, whereas Scan sampling was used to analyze the activity patterns and test the influence of temperature and offspring. Sixteen behaviors were distinguished. The bats were observed during daytime, and were the most active between 09:00 and 16:00, and lowest at 07:00, 8:00, and 17:00. Ambient temperature was positively correlated with behaviors “active” and “self-grooming”, and negatively correlated with “inactive”. “Allogrooming” was more abundant when offspring were present. This study provides the first ethological insights into A. lituratus in Brazil, emphasizing the roles of temperature and offspring in shaping their behavior.

Keywords: ethology; ethogram; palms; Phyllostomidae; allonursing; Livistona chinensis
Corresponding author: Sam Generoso, Laboratory of Ecology and Biodiversity of Animals, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, Criciúma 88806-000, Brazil, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Ian Gabriel Bettiol for the help in designing the graphs used in this research paper, as well as the reviewers for the useful contributions.

  1. Research ethics: This study was performed in full accordance with Brazilian legal regulations and the ASAB/ABS Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioral research and teaching. As the study did not require animal handling, no special permission was needed to carry it out. The researchers always remained at a distance from the group and stayed silent, recording data on the bat’s behavior without interfering in any way with their activities.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Sam Generoso contributed to the study’s conceptualization, choice of methods, data collection, writing, and analysis. Victor Quintas Schaucoski contributed to conceptualization and data collection. João M. D. Miranda contributed to conceptualization, choice of methods and writing. Renato Colares contributed to data analysis. Fernando Carvalho contributed to conceptualization, choice of methods, writing and analysis.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

References

Abreu, E.F., Casali, D., Costa-Araújo, R., Garbino, G.S.T., Libardi, G.S., Loretto, D., Loss, A.C., Marmontel, M., Moras, L.M., Nascimento, M.C., et al.. (2023). Lista de mamíferos do Brasil. 2023-1. Zenodo, CT-SBMz version [data-set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10428436.Search in Google Scholar

Alcock, J. (2010). Comportamento animal: uma abordagem evolutiva. Artmed, Porto Alegre.Search in Google Scholar

Altmann, J. (1973). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 227–267, https://doi.org/10.1163/156853974x00534.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Alvares, C.A., Stape, J.L., Sentelhas, P.C., Gonçalves, J.L.M., and Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorol. Z. 22: 711–728, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507.Search in Google Scholar

Baldovino, M.C. and Bitetti, M.D. (2007). Allonursing in Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus nigritus): milk or pacifier? Folia Primatol. 79: 79–92, https://doi.org/10.1159/000108780.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Barros, R.S.M., Bisaggio, E.L., and Borges, R.C. (2006). Morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em fragmentos florestais urbanos no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 6, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032006000100012.Search in Google Scholar

Batista, L.H., Vilar, A.C., Ferreira, J.J.A., Rebelatto, J.R., and Salvini, T.F. (2009). Active stretching improves flexibility, joint torque, and functional mobility in older women. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 88: 815–822, https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181b72149.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Berger-Tal, O., Polak, T., Oron, A., Lubin, Y., Kotler, B.P., and Saltz, D. (2011). Integrating animal behavior and conservation biology: a conceptual framework. Behav. Ecol. 22: 236–239, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arq224.Search in Google Scholar

Boccia, M.L. (1983). A functional analysis of social grooming patterns through direct comparison with self-grooming in rhesus monkeys. Int. J. Primatol. 4: 399–418, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02735602.Search in Google Scholar

Bôlla, D.A.S., Carvalho, F., Zocche, J.J., Bianco, A., Vitto, J.A.B., and Santos, R. (2017). Phyllostomid bats flying in daylight: a case from the Neotropics. J. Nat. History 51: 2947–2953, https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1397227.Search in Google Scholar

Bôlla, D.A.S., Novaes, R.L.M., and Carvalho, F. (2023). Bats got a place in the sun: new findings of daytime flight in Brazil. Therya Notes 4: 129–134, https://doi.org/10.12933/therya_notes-23-119.Search in Google Scholar

Brooke, A.P. (1987). Tent construction and social organization in Vampyressa nymphaea (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Costa Rica. J. Trop. Ecol. 3: 171–175, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001954.Search in Google Scholar

Cardiff, S.G., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., and Goodman, S.M. (2012). The effect of tourist visits on the behavior of Rousettus madagascariensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in the Caves of Ankarana, Northern Madagascar. Acta Chiropterol. 14: 479–490, https://doi.org/10.3161/150811012X661783.Search in Google Scholar

Carter, G. and Leffer, L. (2015). Social grooming in bats: are vampire bats exceptional? PloS One 10: e0138430, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138430.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chua, M. and Aziz, S.A. (2019). Into the light: atypical diurnal foraging activity of Blyth’s horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) on Tioman Island, Malaysia. Mammalia 83: 78–83, https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0128.Search in Google Scholar

Connell, K., Munro, U., and Torpy, F.R. (2006). Daytime behaviour of the grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck (Pteropodidae: Megachiroptera) at an autumn/winter roost. Aust. Mammal. 28: 7–14, https://doi.org/10.1071/AM06002.Search in Google Scholar

Duarte, A.P. and Talamoni, S.A. (2009). Reproduction of the large fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a Brazilian Atlantic forest area. Mammal. Biol. 75: 320–325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2009.04.004.Search in Google Scholar

Ebensperger, L. and Hurtado, M.J. (2005). Seasonal changes in the time budget of degus. Octodon Degus. Behav. 142: 91–112, https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539053627703.Search in Google Scholar

Fernandez, A.A., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, S., Rodríguez-Herrera, B., and Knörnschild, M. (2021). Social behaviour and vocalizations of the tentroosting Honduran white bat. PloS One 16: e0248452, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248452.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Ferreira, C.M.M., Fischer, E., and Pulchério-Leite, A. (2010). Bat fauna in urban remnants of Cerrado in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Biota Neotrop. 10: 155–160, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000300017.Search in Google Scholar

Fleming, T.H., Nelson, A.A., and Dalton, V.M. (1998). Roosting behavior of the lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae. J. Mammal. 79: 147–155, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382849.Search in Google Scholar

Gallup, A.C. (2022). The causes and consequences of yawning in animal groups. Animal Behav. 187: 209–219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.011.Search in Google Scholar

Gallup, A.C., Militello, J., Swartwood, L., and Sackett, S. (2017). Experimental evidence of contagious stretching and ingroup bias in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). J. Comp. Psychol. 131: 69–72, https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000047.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Giorgi, M.S., Arlettaz, R., Christe, P., and Vogel, P. (2001) The energetic grooming costs imposed by a parasitic mite (Spinturnix myoti) upon its bat host (Myotis myotis). Proc. Biol. Sci. 268: 2071–2075, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1686.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gomes, A.R., Soares, A.G., Peviani, S., Nascimento, R.B., Moriscot, A.S., and Salvini, T.F. (2006). The effect of 30 minutes of passive stretch of the rat soleus muscle on the myogenic differentiation, myostatin, and atrogin-1 gene expressions. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 87: 241–246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.126.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Hanrahan, N., Dalziell, A.H., Turbill, C., Armstrong, K.N., and Welbergen, J.A. (2022). Ethogram of ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) behaviours and associated social vocalisations. Acta Chiropterol. 24: 195–208, https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.016.Search in Google Scholar

Harper, L. (1981). Offspring effects upon parents. In: Gubernick, D., and Peter, K. (Eds.). Parental care in mammals. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 117–160.10.1007/978-1-4613-3150-6_4Search in Google Scholar

Hayes, L.D. (2000). To nest communally or not to nest communally: a review of rodent communal nesting and nursing. Animal Behav. 59: 677–688, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1390.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Heckley, A.M., Harding, C.D., Page, R.A., Klein, B.A., Yovel, Y., Diebold, C.A., and Tilley, H.B. (2024). The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. J. Exp. Zool. Part A: Ecol. Integr. Physiol. 341: 1097–1110, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2860.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hernández-Mijangos, A. and Medellín, R. (2013). Use of tents by the big fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Chiapas, Mexico. Sw. Nat. 58: 107–109, https://doi.org/10.2307/23362680.Search in Google Scholar

IBGE (2012). Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira. Instituto brasileiro de geografia e estatística, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.Search in Google Scholar

Jung, K. and Threlfall, C. (2016). Urbanisation and its effects on bats – a global meta-analysis. In: Voigt, C. and Kingston, T. (Eds.). Bats in the Anthropocene: conservation of bats in a changing world. Springer, Cham, pp. 12–34.10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_2Search in Google Scholar

Kerth, G., Almasi, B., Ribi, N., Thiel, D., and Lüpold, S. (2003). Social interactions among wild female Bechstein’s bats (Myotis bechsteinii) living in a maternity colony. Acta Ethol. 5: 107–114, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-003-0075-8.Search in Google Scholar

Kim, H. (1992). Urban heat island. Inter. J. Rem. Sens. 12: 2319–2336, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169208904271.Search in Google Scholar

Klopfer, P. (1981) Origins of parental care. In: Gubernick, D., and Peter, K. (Eds.). Parental care in mammals. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1–11.10.1007/978-1-4613-3150-6_1Search in Google Scholar

Konečná, M., Roubová, V., Wallner, B., and Lhota, S. (2023). The effect of maternal status on time budget in female Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Inter. J. Primatal. 44: 540–557, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00360-z.Search in Google Scholar

Kunz, T. (1982). Ecology of bats. Plenum Press, Boston.10.1007/978-1-4613-3421-7Search in Google Scholar

Kunz, T. and Hood, W. (2000) Parental care and postnatal growth in the Chiroptera. In: Crichton, E., and Krutzsch, P. (Eds.). Reproductive biology of bats. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 415–454.10.1016/B978-012195670-7/50011-4Search in Google Scholar

Kunz, T. and Lumsden, L. (2003). Ecology of cavity and foliage roosting bats. In: Kunz, T., and Fenton, B. (Eds.). Bat ecology. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, pp. 3–69.Search in Google Scholar

Laurindo, R. and Vizentin-Bugoni, J. (2020). Diversity of fruits in Artibeus lituratus diet in urban and natural habitats in Brazil: a review. J. Trop. Ecol. 36: 65–71, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467419000373.Search in Google Scholar

Licht, P. and Leitner, P. (1967). Physyological responses to high environmental temperatures in three species of microchiropteran bats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 22: 371–387, https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(67)90601-9.Search in Google Scholar

Machado, D., Mérida, M., and Muñoz-Romo, M. (2008). Use of leaves as roosts by the Gervais’ fruit-eating bat, Artibeus cinereus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) and proposed modifiability index. Acta Chiropterol. 10: 169–172, https://doi.org/10.3161/150811008X331199.Search in Google Scholar

Markus, N. and Blackshaw, J. (2002). Behaviour of the black flying fox Pteropus alecto. 1. An ethogram of behaviour, and preliminary characterisation of mother-infant interactions. Acta Chiropterol. 4: 137–152, https://doi.org/10.3161/001.004.0203.Search in Google Scholar

Miranda, J.M.D. (2012). Thermoregulatory behavior on sun exposure by Mimon bennettii (Gray, 1838) at southern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Phyllostominae). Chiropt. Neotrop. 18: 1144–1146.Search in Google Scholar

Mooring, M. and Hart, B. (1997). Self-grooming in impala mothers and lambs: testing the body size and tick challenge principles. Animal Behav. 53: 925–934, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0341Search in Google Scholar

Morrison, D.W. (1980). Efficiency of food utilization by fruit bats. Oecologia 45: 270–273, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346469.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Muñoz-Romo, M. (2006). Ethogram and diurnal activities of a colony of Artibeus lituratus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). Acta Chiropterol. 8: 231–238. https://doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[231:EADAOA]2.0.CO;2.10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[231:EADAOA]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Muñoz-Romo, M. and Herrera, E.M. (2003). Leaf modifying behavior in Artibeus lituratus. Acta Chiropterol. 5: 273–276, https://doi.org/10.3161/001.005.0210.Search in Google Scholar

Muñoz-Romo, M., Herrera, E.M., and Kunz, T.H. (2008). Roosting behavior and group stability of the big fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Mammal. Biol. 73: 214–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2007.05.013.Search in Google Scholar

Neuweiler, G. (2000). The biology of bats. Oxford University Press, New York.Search in Google Scholar

Nunes, H., Rocha, F.L., and Estrela, P. (2017). Bats in urban areas of Brazil: roosts, food resources and parasites in disturbed environments. Urban Ecosyst. 20: 953–969, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0632-3.Search in Google Scholar

Odon, A., Freire, C.A., Brigham, M., Bordignon, M., and Monteiro-Filho, E.L.A. (2023). Brazilian sleeping beauty: first evidence of hibernation by a bat in South America. Biotropica 55: 573–578, https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13224.Search in Google Scholar

Ortega, J. and Arita, H. (1999). Structure and social dynamics of harem groups in Artibeus jamaicensis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). J. Mammal. 80: 1173–1185, https://doi.org/10.2307/1383168.Search in Google Scholar

Ortega, J., Guerro, J.A., and Maldonado, J.E. (2008). Aggression and tolerance by dominant males of Artibeus jamaicensis: strategies to maximize fitness in harem groups. J. Mammal. 89: 1372–1378, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-S-056.1.Search in Google Scholar

Park, K., Jones, G., and Ransome, R. (2000). Torpor, arousal and activity of hibernating greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Funct. Ecol. 14: 580–588, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.t01-1-00460.x.Search in Google Scholar

Passos, F.C. and Graciolli, G. (2004). Observações da dieta de Artibeus lituratus (Olfers) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) em duas áreas do sul do Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 21: 487–489, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004000300010.Search in Google Scholar

Passos, J. and Passamani, M. (2003). Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae): biologia e dispersão de sementes no Parque do Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão, Santa Teresa (ES). Natureza Online 1: 1–6, https://www.naturezaonline.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/45 (Accessed 24 Nov 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Prone, B., Zanon, C.M.V., and Benedito, E. (2012). Bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the urbanized area in South of Brazil. Acta Sci. 34: 155–162, https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i2.8783.Search in Google Scholar

Ritchie, H. and Roser, M. (2018). Urbanization, https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization (Accessed 24 Nov 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Ritzel, K. and Gallo, T. (2020). Behavior change in urban mammals: a systematic review. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8: 576665, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.576665.Search in Google Scholar

Russo, D., Maglio, G., Rainho, A., Meyer, C.F.J., and Palmerim, J.M. (2011). Out of the dark: diurnal activity in the bat Hipposideros ruber on São Tomé island (West Africa). Mammal. Biol. 76: 701–708, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.11.007.Search in Google Scholar

Salvini, T.F., Durigan, J.L.Q., Peviani, S.M., and Russo, T.L. (2012). Efeitos da eletroestimulação e do alongamento muscular sobre a adaptação do músculo desnervado – implicações para a fisioterapia. Rev. Bras. Fisioter. 16: 175–183, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552012005000027.Search in Google Scholar

Sánchez, Z., Guevara, N.A., Montenegro, K., and Correa, M. (2023). Consumo diurno de fruto por Artibeus lituratus en Coclé, República de Panamá. Rev. Mexic. Mastozool. (Nueva Época) 13: 44–48, https://doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2023.13.2.394.Search in Google Scholar

Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (2002). Fisiologia animal – adaptação e meio ambiente. Livraria Santos Editora, São Paulo.Search in Google Scholar

Seyfearth, R. and Cheney, D. (1984). Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys. Nature 308: 541–543, https://doi.org/10.1038/308541a0.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Shen, H.P. and Lee, L.L. (2000). Mother-young interactions in a maternity colony of Myotis formosus. J. Mammal. 81: 726–733, https://doi.org/10.1644/15451542(2000)081<0726:MYIIAM>2.3.CO;2.10.1093/jmammal/81.3.726Search in Google Scholar

Silveira, P.C., Campos, C.G.C., Sá, E.A.S., Biffi, L.J., and Dalri, J.C. (2023). Análise das superfícies urbanas para identificação de ilhas de calor através da aplicação de índices radiométricos e da temperatura da superfície. Rev. Bras. Climatol. 33: 331–353, https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v33i19.16322.Search in Google Scholar

Snyder-Mackler, N., Burger, J.R., Gaydosh, L., Belsky, D.W., Noppert, G.A., Campos, F.A., Bartolomucci, A., Yang, Y.C., Aiello, A.E., O’rand, A., et al.. (2020). Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals. Science 368: 6493, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax9553.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Stawski, C. and Geiser, F. (2020). Growing up in a changing climate: how temperature affects the development of morphological, behavioral and physiological traits of a marsupial mammal. Front. Physiol. 11: 49, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00049.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Studier, E.H. and Wilson, D.E. (1979). Effects of captivity on thermoregulation and metabolism in Artibeus jamaicensis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A: Physiol. 62: 347–350, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(79)90069-0.Search in Google Scholar

Tewksbury, J., Huey, R.B., and Deutsch, C.A. (2008). Putting the heat on tropical animals. Science 320: 1296–1297, https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/science.1159328.10.1126/science.1159328Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Trivers, R.L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Q. Rev. Biol. 46: 35–57.10.1086/406755Search in Google Scholar

Vivas-Toro, I. and Murillo-García, O. (2020). Diurnal flying activity of a neotropical bat (Saccopteryx leptura): effect of light intensity, temperature, and canopy cover. Acta Chiropterol. 22: 87–94, https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2020.22.1.008.Search in Google Scholar

Watkins, L. and Shump, K. (1981). Behavior of the evening bat Nycticeius humeralis at a nursery roost. Am. Midl. Nat. 105: 258–268, https://doi.org/10.2307/2424744.Search in Google Scholar

Wilkinson, G. (1986). Social grooming in the common vampire bat, Desmodus. rotundus. Animal Behav. 34: 1880–1889, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80274–3.10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80274-3Search in Google Scholar

Wilkinson, G. (1992). Communal nursing in the evening bat, Nycticeius humeralis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 31: 225–235, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00171677.Search in Google Scholar

Winchell, J. and Kunz, T. (1993). Sampling protocols for estimating time budgets of roosting bats. Can. J. Zool. 71: 2244–2249, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-315.Search in Google Scholar

World Meteorological Organization (2024). Climate change indicators reached record levels in 2023, https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-indicators-reached-record-levels-2023-wmo (Accessed 24 Nov 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Xavier, L.H., Filho, H.O., Bianconi, G.V., and Santana, H.S. (2017). Fruit digestion time, integrity and germination of seeds defecated by Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Stud. Neotrop. Fauna and Environ. 53: 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2017.1396804.Search in Google Scholar

Xiang, Z., Fan, P., Chen, H., Liu, R., Zhang, B., Yang, W., Yao, H., Grueter, C.C., Garber, P.A., and Li, M. (2019). Routine allomaternal nursing in a free-ranging Old World monkey. Sci. Adv. 5: eaav0499, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav0499.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Zanon, C. and Reis, N. (2007). Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the Ponta Grossa region, Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 24: 327–332, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752007000200010.Search in Google Scholar

Zortéa, M. and Chiarello, A. (1994). Observations on the Big Fruit-Eating Bat, Artibeus lituratus, in an urban reserve of South-east Brazil. Mammalia 58: 665–670.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2024-07-08
Accepted: 2025-01-22
Published Online: 2025-02-12
Published in Print: 2025-05-26

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Conservation
  3. Tickell’s bat, Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth, 1851), in Sri Lanka with new records after 58 years and roosting ecology notes
  4. Ecology
  5. New ecological aspects of the pacarana (Dinomys branickii) in southeastern Peru
  6. Variation in mammal ecological patterns in response to seasonality in a Brazilian tropical dry forest
  7. Niche partitioning between two marsupials inhabiting the Yungas of Northwestern Argentina: overlapping diets in non-overlapping lifestyles?
  8. Characteristics of tree hollows used by Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii in the Western Ghats, India
  9. How much do we know about wild canid (Carnivora: Canidae) ectoparasites in Mexico? Current state of knowledge
  10. First and new records of albinism and leucism in Jaculus orientalis and Jaculus jaculus (Rodentia, Dipodidae)
  11. Biogeography
  12. The first record of the long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus Gmelin, 1770) in Lebanon
  13. First record of Andersen’s leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros gentilis, and hairy-faced myotis, Myotis annectans from Bangladesh
  14. Ethology
  15. Temperature and pups influence daytime roosting behavior of the great fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus, in an urban southern Brazilian habitat
  16. Taxonomy/Phylogeny
  17. On the phylogenetic position of Rhinolophus sakejiensis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
  18. New geographical records of Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera) for the Brazilian Caatinga, with taxonomic notes
  19. Complete mitogenome of Prionailurus bengalensis alleni and taxonomic revisions of leopard cat subspecies
  20. Karyotype of the lesser gymnure Hylomys maxi and comparison with its Vietnamese congeners (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae)
https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2024-0100
Keywords for this article
ethology; ethogram; palms; Phyllostomidae; allonursing; Livistona chinensis

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Conservation
  3. Tickell’s bat, Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth, 1851), in Sri Lanka with new records after 58 years and roosting ecology notes
  4. Ecology
  5. New ecological aspects of the pacarana (Dinomys branickii) in southeastern Peru
  6. Variation in mammal ecological patterns in response to seasonality in a Brazilian tropical dry forest
  7. Niche partitioning between two marsupials inhabiting the Yungas of Northwestern Argentina: overlapping diets in non-overlapping lifestyles?
  8. Characteristics of tree hollows used by Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii in the Western Ghats, India
  9. How much do we know about wild canid (Carnivora: Canidae) ectoparasites in Mexico? Current state of knowledge
  10. First and new records of albinism and leucism in Jaculus orientalis and Jaculus jaculus (Rodentia, Dipodidae)
  11. Biogeography
  12. The first record of the long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus Gmelin, 1770) in Lebanon
  13. First record of Andersen’s leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros gentilis, and hairy-faced myotis, Myotis annectans from Bangladesh
  14. Ethology
  15. Temperature and pups influence daytime roosting behavior of the great fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus, in an urban southern Brazilian habitat
  16. Taxonomy/Phylogeny
  17. On the phylogenetic position of Rhinolophus sakejiensis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
  18. New geographical records of Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera) for the Brazilian Caatinga, with taxonomic notes
  19. Complete mitogenome of Prionailurus bengalensis alleni and taxonomic revisions of leopard cat subspecies
  20. Karyotype of the lesser gymnure Hylomys maxi and comparison with its Vietnamese congeners (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae)
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 3.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mammalia-2024-0100/html
Scroll to top button