Abstract
This contribution examines how an expert musician teaches high pitch as an embodied practice in a digital instruction video. Musical meaning-making in this perspective calls for a naturalized phenomenology which deals with the practice of music teaching, which involves a performing body. The notion of high musical pitch in terms of an abstract embodied image schema is challenged in favor of a multidimensional body schema, conceptualized at the interface between multimodal language, i.e. in speech and gesture, and the affordances imposed on musical production by the human body and the instrument artefact. As a result, the traditional metaphorical take on upward verticality, movement and causal force in image schemata becomes a conceptual background which may lead to errors on behalf of the potential student, and needs to be further enriched by natural local corporeal dimensions: immobility, non-vertical change in the lips, mouth and air flow. Such body schemata can be used in teaching more dynamic concepts about enactive knowledge in the body in interactive contexts of knowledge transmission.
References
Antović, Mihailo. 2014. Metaphor in music or metaphor about music: A contribution to the cooperation of cognitive linguistics and cognitive musicology. In Stanojević Mateusz-Milan (ed.), Metaphors we study: Contemporary insights into conceptual metaphor, 233–254. Zagreb: Srednja Europe.10.2139/ssrn.2566258Search in Google Scholar
Braasch, Jonas. 2019. Hyper-specializing in saxophone using acoustical insight and deep listening skills. Berlin: Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-15046-4Search in Google Scholar
Brower, Candace. 2000. A cognitive theory of musical meaning. Journal of Music Theory 44(2). 323–379.10.2307/3090681Search in Google Scholar
Bush, Irving. 2003. Trumpet players blow with good vibrations. Montrose (CA): Balquhidder.Search in Google Scholar
Campos, Frank. 2005. Trumpet technique. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Casasanto, Daniel & Tom Gijssels. 2015. What makes a metaphor an embodied metaphor? Linguistics Vanguard 1(1). 327–337.10.1515/lingvan-2014-1015Search in Google Scholar
Casasanto, Daniel, Webb Phillips & Lera Boroditsky. 2003. Do we think about music in terms of space? Metaphoric representation of musical pitch. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 25. 1323.Search in Google Scholar
Chafe, William. 1994. Discourse, consciousness and time: The flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Clark, Herbert. 2016. Depicting as a method of communication. Psychological Review 123(3). 324–347.10.1037/rev0000026Search in Google Scholar
Clausner, Timothy & William Croft. 1999. Domains and image schemas. Cognitive Linguistics 10(1). 1–31.10.1515/cogl.1999.001Search in Google Scholar
Coeckelbergh, Mark. 2019. Moved by machines: Performance metaphors and philosophy of technology. Abingdon: Routledge.10.4324/9780429283130Search in Google Scholar
Cox, Arnie. 2016. Music and embodied cognition: Listening, moving, feeling, and thinking. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.10.2307/j.ctt200610sSearch in Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, Shantel. 2019. Foregrounding the imagination: Reflecting on dancers’ engagement with video self-recordings. In Stuart Grant, Jodie McNeilly-Renaudie & Matthew Wagner (eds.), Performance phenomenology: To the thing itself, 133–164. London: Palgrave McMillan.10.1007/978-3-319-98059-1_7Search in Google Scholar
Finch, Brian. 2013. Freeze frame: Using stills to develop film analysis. Screen Education 71. 44–50.Search in Google Scholar
Gallagher, Shaun. 2005a. Dynamic models of body schematic processes. In Helena de Preester & Veroniek Knockaert (eds.), Body image and body schema: Interdisciplinary perspectives on the body, 233–250. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/aicr.62.15galSearch in Google Scholar
Gallagher, Shaun. 2005b. How the body shapes the mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/0199271941.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Gallagher, Shaun. 2017. Theory, practice and performance. Connection Science 29(1). 106–118.10.4324/9781351169608-9Search in Google Scholar
Gibbs, Raymond & Herbert Colston. 2006. Image schema. The cognitive psychological reality of image schemas and their transformations. In Dirk Geeraerts (ed.), Cognitive linguistics: Basic readings, 239–268. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110199901.239Search in Google Scholar
Górska, Elżbieta. 2014. The UP/DOWN orientation in language and music. In Matthias Brenzinger & Iwona Kraska-Szlenk (eds.), The body in language: Comparative studies of linguistic embodiment, 177–195. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004274297_011Search in Google Scholar
Grady, Joseph. 1997. Foundations of meaning: Primary metaphors and primary scenes. Berkeley: PhD dissertation, University of California.Search in Google Scholar
Hampe, Beate. 2005. When down is not bad, and up not good enough: The plus-minus parameter in image-schematic thinking. Cognitive Linguistics 16(1). 81–112.10.1515/cogl.2005.16.1.81Search in Google Scholar
Hostetter, Autumn & Martha Alibali. 2019. Gesture as simulated action: Revisiting the framework. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26. 721–752. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1548-0.Search in Google Scholar
Hutchins, Edwin. 2010. Enaction, imagination, and insight. In John Stewart, Olivier Gapenne & Ezequiel Di Paolo (eds.), Enaction: Toward a new paradigm for cognitive science, 425–450. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/9780262014601.003.0016Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, Mark & Steve Larson. 2003. Something in the way she moves: Metaphors of musical motion. Metaphor and Symbol 18(2). 63–84.10.1207/S15327868MS1802_1Search in Google Scholar
Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. 1980. The metaphorical structure of the human conceptual system. Cognitive Science 4. 195–208.10.1207/s15516709cog0402_4Search in Google Scholar
Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the flesh. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar
Langacker, Ronald. 1987. Foundations of cognitive grammar: Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Langacker, Ronald. 2008. Cognitive grammar: A basic introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Larson, Steve. 2002. Musical forces, melodic expectation, and jazz melody. Music Perception 19(3). 351–385.10.1525/mp.2002.19.3.351Search in Google Scholar
Larson, Steve. 2012. Musical forces: Motion, metaphor, and meaning in music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Loaiza, Juan. 2016. Musicking, embodiment and participatory enaction of music: Outline and key points. Connection Science 28(4). 410–422.10.1080/09540091.2016.1236366Search in Google Scholar
Logan, Topher & Roger Chaffin. 2020. Movement is part of the meaning of music notation: A musical stroop effect for trombonists. Psychology of Music 2019(1). 1–12.10.1177/0305735619900921Search in Google Scholar
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1962. Phenomenology of perception. London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Montero, Barbara. 2016. Thought in action: Expertise and the conscious mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596775.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia. 2014. Gestural modes of representation as techniques of depiction. In Body–language–communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 1687–1702. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110302028.1687Search in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia. 2017. Waking metaphors: Embodied cognition in multimodal discourse. In Beate Hampe (ed.), Metaphor: Embodied cognition and discourse, 297–316. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781108182324.017Search in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia & Silva Ladewig. 2013. Metaphors for sensorimotor experiences: Gestures as embodied and dynamic conceptualizations of balance in dance lessons. In Mike Borkent, Barbara Dancygier & Jennifer Hinnell (eds.), Language and the creative mind, 295–325. Stanford: CSLI.Search in Google Scholar
Nijs, Luc & Marc Leman. 2016. Performing with the music paint machine: Provoking an embodied approach to educational technology. In Andrew King & Evangelos Himonides (eds.), Music, technology, and education: Critical perspectives, 225–242. Abingdon: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Phelan, Helen. 2012. Voicing Imbas: Performing a philosophy of music education. In Wayne Bowman & Ana Frega (eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy in music education, 63–85. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195394733.013.0004Search in Google Scholar
Pignato, Joseph. 2017. Situating technology within and without music education. In Alex Ruthman & Roger Mantie (eds.), The Oxford handbook of technology and music education, 203–215. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372133.013.19Search in Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Martin. 2019. Jazz as narrative. In Marina Grishakova & Maria Poulaki (eds.), Narrative complexity: Cognition, embodiment, evolution, 338–364. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.10.2307/j.ctvhktjh6.20Search in Google Scholar
Sambre, Paul & Kurt Feyaerts. 2017. Embodied musical meaning-making and multimodal viewpoints in a trumpet master class. Journal of Pragmatics 122. 10–23.10.1016/j.pragma.2017.09.004Search in Google Scholar
Sambre, Paul. 2018. Doing multimodal intersubjectivity in music: Embodied affordances in digital horn hangouts. In Louise-Amélie Cougnon, Barbara De Cock & Cédric Fairon (eds.), Language and the new (instant) media, 133–147. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain-la-Neuve.Search in Google Scholar
Scarinzi, Alfonsina. 2014. How enactive is the dynamic sensorimotor account of raw feel?: Discussing some insights from phenomenology and the cognitive sciences. In John Bishop & Andrew Martin (eds.), Contemporary sensorimotor theory, 67–82. Berlin: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-05107-9_5Search in Google Scholar
Schaerlaeken, Simon, Donald Glowinski, Marc-André Rappaz & Didier Grandjean. 2019. “Hearing Music as…”: Metaphors evoked by the sound of classical music. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain 29(2-3). 100–116.10.1037/pmu0000233Search in Google Scholar
Solis, Gabriel. 2017. Music technology in ethnomethodology. In Alex Ruthman & Roger Mantie (eds.), The Oxford handbook of technology and music education, 57–63. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372133.013.4Search in Google Scholar
Streeck, Jürgen. 2011. The changing meanings of things: Found objects and inscription in social interaction. In Jürgen Streeck, Charles Goodwin & CurtisLeBaron (eds.), Language and body in the material world, 67–68. New York: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Stevanovic, Melisa & Arniika Kuusisto. 2019. Teacher directives in children’s musical instrument instruction: Activity context, student cooperation, and institutional priority. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 63(7). 1022–1040.10.1080/00313831.2018.1476405Search in Google Scholar
Winters, Margaret & Geoffrey Nathan. 2020. Cognitive linguistics for linguists. Berlin: Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-33604-2Search in Google Scholar
Wolfe, Jocelyn. 2019. An investigation into the nature and function of metaphor in advanced music instruction. Research Studies in Music Education 41(3). 280–292.10.1177/1321103X18773113Search in Google Scholar
Zahavi, Dan. 2010. Naturalized phenomenology. In Shaun Gallagher & Daniel Schmicking (eds.), Handbook of phenomenology and cognitive science, 2–19. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-90-481-2646-0_1Search in Google Scholar
Zbikowski, Lawrence. 2002. Conceptualizing music: Cognitive structure, theory, and analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195140231.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Zbikowski, Lawrence. 2017. Foundations of musical grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780190653637.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Instructing embodied knowledge: multimodal approaches to interactive practices for knowledge constitution
- Singing and the body: body-focused and concept-focused vocal instruction
- In other gestures: Multimodal iteration in cello master classes
- Vocalizations in dance classes teach body knowledge
- Synchronization in demonstrations. Multimodal practices for instructing body knowledge
- Situating embodied action plans: pre-enacting and planning actions within knowledge communication in sports training
- Taking the trumpet up there: enactment of embodied high pitch in a multimodal body schema
- Monitoring and evaluating body knowledge: metaphors and metonymies of body position in children’s music instrument instruction
- Situating embodied instruction – proxemics and body knowledge
- The social construction of embodied experiences: two types of discoveries in the science centre
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Instructing embodied knowledge: multimodal approaches to interactive practices for knowledge constitution
- Singing and the body: body-focused and concept-focused vocal instruction
- In other gestures: Multimodal iteration in cello master classes
- Vocalizations in dance classes teach body knowledge
- Synchronization in demonstrations. Multimodal practices for instructing body knowledge
- Situating embodied action plans: pre-enacting and planning actions within knowledge communication in sports training
- Taking the trumpet up there: enactment of embodied high pitch in a multimodal body schema
- Monitoring and evaluating body knowledge: metaphors and metonymies of body position in children’s music instrument instruction
- Situating embodied instruction – proxemics and body knowledge
- The social construction of embodied experiences: two types of discoveries in the science centre