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Final particles in Asia: Establishing an areal feature

  • Vladimir Panov EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 22, 2020

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an areal study of the elements known as (sentence-)final particles (FPs) in the languages of Asia. FPs constitute a crucial part of many languages of the region and are reported in language-particular descriptions under various labels. However, they have not been the subject of large-scale areal studies. In this paper, I discuss the morphosyntactic and functional properties typically exhibited by the FPs of Asian languages and the parameters of their variation. On the basis of a sample of 53 languages and 6 sample functional types of FPs, I explore the areal distribution of FPs of the Asian type. I demonstrate that different FP-isoglosses exhibit different geographical coverage, but the overlap of some of them allows us to speak of a structural phenomenon highly typical of a macroarea which includes East, Southeast, and Northeast Asia.

Abbreviations

1/2/3

1st/2nd/3rd person

AGT

agentive

ABL

ablative

ACC

accusative

AL

allocutive

AOR

aorist

ASP

aspect

BEN

benefactive

CIT

quotative

COM

comitative

COP

copula

CV

converb

DAT

dative

DE

declarative

DEF

definite article

DIR

directional prefix

DTV

directive

EA

East Asia

EDU

elementary discourse unit

EXH

exhaustive auxiliary

FOC

focus

FP

final particle

FT

future

GEN

genitive

GP

gender & politeness

HAB

habitual

HS

hearsay

IND

indicative

IFR

inferential

IK

indirect knowledge

INC

inchoative

LOC

locative

MI

mirative

NOM

nominative

POL

politeness

POSS

possessive

PT

preterite

SG

singular

NEG

negation

PFV

perfective

PRF

perfect

PR

present

PT

preterite

PQ

polar question

RSP

respective

TOP

topic

REDUP

reduplication

REL

relativizer

RES

resultative

RP

reflexive possession

Acknowledgements

This project has received funding from the European Social Fund (project No 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-02-0010) under grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT). I thank Axel Holvoet, Mikhail Oslon, Wayles Browne, Ilja Seržant, Ad Foolen, Martin Haspelmath, all the members of Grammatical Universals project (University of Leipzig), and the anonymous reviewers for their help and advice. I am also thankful to Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (Jena) and Annemarie Verkerk in particular for the opportunity to use the library and the digital resources.

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Received: 2018-10-16
Revised: 2019-02-16
Published Online: 2020-04-22
Published in Print: 2020-05-27

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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