Über translatorische Herausforderungen, die Verflechtung kultureller und subkultureller Referenzrahmen und interkulturelle Missverständnisse: Amanda Gormans virales Inaugurationsgedicht The Hill We Climb
Abstract
This article examines the role of translation as a site of cultural misunderstandings and explores to what extent the concentration of culture- and subculture-specific elements within a text, along with their aesthetic realisation, poses a particular challenge for translators. Using Amanda Gorman’s viral inaugural poem The Hill We Climb (2021) as a case study, the analysis investigates how linguistic, cultural, and discursive elements of the original have been transformed in the German translation. Special attention is given to the translators’ approach to civil-religious discourse and the jeremiad as a text genre, as well as the resulting sacral-religious tone, which has been significantly reduced or entirely neutralised in the German translation. Furthermore, this article focusses on the translation of subcultural elements of African American literary, cultural, and linguistic traditions, particularly double-voicedness, orality, and signifyin(g), as well as race-based terminology. The analysis reveals that these shifts reflect not only linguistic adaptations but also deeper cultural differences, raising fundamental questions about the translatability of culturally encoded texts.
Literaturverzeichnis
Angelou, Maya (1983): Caged bird. In: Angelou, Maya: Shaker, why don't you sing? New York: Random House. Search in Google Scholar
Bellah, Robert N. (1967): Civil religion in America. Daedalus 96, 1–21.Search in Google Scholar
Bendat, Jim (2012): Democracy’s big day. The inauguration of our president, 1789–2013. Bloomington: iUniverse.Search in Google Scholar
Bercovitch, Sacvan (2012 [1978]): The American Jeremiad. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Search in Google Scholar
Berger, Peter L./Davie, Grace/Fokas, Effie (2008): Religious America, secular Europe? A theme and variation. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. Search in Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre (1993): The field of cultural production: Essays on art and literature. New York: Columbia University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Catford, J.C. (1978 [1965]): A linguistic theory of translation. An essay in applied linguistics. Oxford: University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1991): Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039.10.2307/1229039Search in Google Scholar
Diedrich, Maria (2010): Afro-amerikanische Literatur. In: Zapf, Hubert (Hg.): Amerikanische Literaturgeschichte. Stuttgart: Metzler, 421–447. Search in Google Scholar
Eggers, Maisha-Maureen (2005) (Hg.): Mythen, Masken und Subjekte. Kritische Weißseinsforschung in Deutschland. Münster: Unrast.Search in Google Scholar
Elliot, Emory (1994): The Jeremiad. In: Bercovitch, Sacvan (Hg.): The Cambridge history of American literature, Volume I: 1590–1820. Cambridge: University Press, 255–278. 10.1017/CHOL9780521301053.014Search in Google Scholar
Floros, Georgios (2003): Kulturelle Konstellationen in Texten. Zur Beschreibung und Übersetzung von Kultur in Texten. Tübingen: Narr. Search in Google Scholar
Franzen, Johannes/Meierhofer, Christian (2022): Gelegenheitslyrik in der Moderne. Eine Annäherung. In: Franzen, Johannes/Meierhofer, Christian (Hg.): Gelegenheitslyrik in der Moderne. Tradition und Transformation einer Gattung. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 9–26.10.3726/b18954Search in Google Scholar
Frevert, Tonya K./Walker, Lisa Slattery (2014): Physical attractiveness and social status. Sociology Compass 8, 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12132.10.1111/soc4.12132Search in Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis (1989): The signifying monkey. A theory of African-American literary criticism. Oxford: University Press.10.1215/10439455-3.1.75.2Search in Google Scholar
Gorman, Amanda (2021): The hill we climb. Den Hügel hinauf. Hamburg: Hoffmann & Campe.Search in Google Scholar
Graham, Maryemma/Ward, Jerry W. (2011) (Hg.): The Cambridge history of African American literature. Cambridge: University Press. 10.1017/CHOL9780521872171Search in Google Scholar
Hale, Thomas A. (1997): From the griot of roots to the roots of griot. A new look at the origins of a controversial African term for bard. Oral Tradition 12(2), 249–278. https://journal.oraltradition.org/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/12ii/2_Hale.pdf (18.09.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Hale, Thomas A. (1994): Griottes. Female voices from West Africa. Research in African Literatures 25(3), 71–91. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3819846 (18.09.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Hentschel, Elke (2010) (Hg.): Deutsche Grammatik. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110229028Search in Google Scholar
Hutton, Alice (2021): Amanda Gorman. Inauguration poet studied Winston Churchill and Martin Luther King Jr ahead of reading. The Independent (United Kingdom) (21. Januar). https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/amanda-gorman-poem-churchill-martin-luther-king-b1790385.html (31.03.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Inskeep, Steven (2021): ‘History has its eyes on Us’. Poet Amanda Gorman seeks right words for inaugurations (interview). NPR (19. Januar). https://www.npr.org/transcripts/958077401 (31.03.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, Paul (1997): A history of the American people. New York: Collins.Search in Google Scholar
Jones, Charisse/Shorter-Gooden, Kumea (2003): Shifting. The double lives of black women in America. New York: Collins.Search in Google Scholar
Jung, Britta C. (2025): The hill we climb / Den Hügel hinauf. Intercultural misunderstandings and semantic-stylistic shifts in the translation of Amanda Gorman’s inaugural poem. In: Schwerter, Stephanie/Cassidy, Meghann (Hg.): Intercultural misunderstandings in literary and song translation. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 217–238.Search in Google Scholar
Köhler, Ulrike K. (2022): Toward a production-oriented imagology. In: Edtstadler, Katharina/Folie, Sandra/Zocco, Gianna (Hg.): New perspectives on imagology. Leiden: Brill, 93–111. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004513150_005.10.1163/9789004513150_005Search in Google Scholar
Krüger, Michael (2018): Über Gelegenheitsgedichte und Gedichte überhaupt. In: Küpper, Joachim/Oster, Patricia/Rivoletti, Christian (Hg.): Gelegenheit macht Dichter / L’occasione fa il poeta. Bausteine zu einer Theorie des Gelegenheitsgedichts. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 11–14.Search in Google Scholar
Loogus, Terje (2008): Kultur im Spannungsfeld translatorischer Entscheidungen. Probleme und Konflikte. Berlin: Saxa.Search in Google Scholar
Marshall, Alex (2021): Row over European translators of Amanda Gorman’s poem highlights lack of racial diversity in literary translation world. The New York Times (28. März). https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/row-over-european-translators-of-amanda-gormans-poem-highlights-lack-of-racial-diversity-in-literary-translation-world-9471171.html (31.03.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Mudersbach, Klaus (2002): Kultur braucht Übersetzung. Übersetzung braucht Kultur (Modell und Methoden). In: Gisela Thome/Giehl, Claudia (Hg.): Kultur und Übersetzung. Methodologische Probleme des Kulturtransfers. Tübingen: Narr, 169–225.Search in Google Scholar
Nguyễn, Ann Thúy/Maya Pendleton (2020): Recognizing race in language. Why we capitalize ‘Black’ and ‘White’. Center for the study of social policy. https://cssp.org/2020/03/recognizing-race-in-language-why-we-capitalize-black-and-white/ (31.03.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Otoo, Sharon Dodua (2020): Dürfen Schwarze Blumen malen? Klagenfurter Rede zur Literatur. Klagenfurt: Edition Meerauge.Search in Google Scholar
Resch, Renate (2006): Translatorische Textkompetenz. Texte im Kulturtransfer. Frankfurt am Main: Lang. Search in Google Scholar
Saussure, Ferdinand de ([1916] 2001): Grundfragen der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110870183Search in Google Scholar
Toda Castán, Claudia (2022): Traducción e identidad. Una revisión del argumento de la identidad en la polémica en torno a la traducción de The hill we climb, de Amanda Gorman. Estudios de Traducción 12, 119–127. https://doi.org/10.5209/estr.78451. 10.5209/estr.78451Search in Google Scholar
Voigt, Claudia (2021): Natürlich geht es immer auch um sprachliches Vermögen. Interview mit Verleger Tim Jung. SPIEGEL ONLINE (6. März). https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/verleger-tim-jung-zum-gedicht-von-amanda-gorman-the-hill-we-climb-a-8c57244e-50ce-44a9-94a8-a1abae0cbad4. (31.03.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Williams, Nerys (2011): Contemporary poetry. Edinburgh: University Press.10.1515/9780748646036Search in Google Scholar
Winthrop, John ([1630] 1838): A model of Christian charity. Collections of the Massachusetts historical society, Boston (1838). https://history.hanover.edu/texts/winthmod.html (31.03.2025).Search in Google Scholar
o. A. (2021): Viel Kritik für die Übersetzung von Amanda Gormans Gedicht. Puls 24 (31. März). https://www.puls24.at/entertainment/viel-kritik-fuer-uebersetzung-von-amanda-gormans-gedicht/230804 (31.03.2025).Search in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston