Summary
The main function of Hellenistic queenship is increasingly understood as contributing to the definition of the basileus. The early Ptolemies produced the most peculiar version of the ‘sister queen’, known throughout the Near East as an ideological construct, but taken literally in Egypt from the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285/282–246) and Arsinoe II Philadelphos (278/275–270), the ‘Sibling-Lovers’. The most famous example of a ‘virgin queen’ is Berenike, the daughter of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenike II, best known from the Kanopos Decree, which regulated her posthumous cult (238). Often understood as a merely honorary title for some or potentially all princesses in Alexandria, the basilissa title of unmarried girls has found little scholarly attention so far. Altogether, there are surprisingly few royal daughters for whom we have clear evidence: besides the aforesaid Berenike, her sister Arsinoe III (died 204) and previously Berenike (later known as Phernophoros, died 246), the daughter of the Philadelphoi. Claims that Arsinoe II or her sister Philotera had enjoyed the same status at the court of Ptolemy I Soter (323–282) cannot be substantiated, so that their basilissa titles should be explained by marriage with a king. The phenomenon of virgin queenship was thus of limited duration. It is best interpreted as a ramification of an emphatically endogamous royal dynasty: Ptolemy II and Ptolemy III pledged their most distinguished daughter to the future successor even before he had been chosen from among his brothers.
Article note
I use the term ‘queen’ as an equivalent of basilissa, despite the fact that not all potential meanings of the ancient and modern terms coincide; and yet, I think that Carney 1991, 156 overemphasizes differences. Then and now, ‘queen’ normally denotes the (official) wife or mother of a king, no matter whether she held real political power, representative duties or only a most distinguished personal rank, besides the fact that both antiquity and the present know the phenomenon of a queen being the effective sovereign.
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank very much my friends Deirdre Klokow, Elizabeth Kosmetatou, Martina Minas-Nerpel, Thomas Nelson, Stefan Pfeiffer and Ben E. Scolnic for their encouragement, useful comments and bibliographical support.
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Titelseiten
- Aufsätze
- Tò Hellenikón, lo stesso sangue e la stessa lingua (VIII, 144). Erodoto e la costruzione dell’identità greca
- Penser le « changement » à l’envers : le passé, la tradition et les ancêtres vus par les différentes générations de l’époque classique
- Aristoteles und die athenischen Liturgien
- Some Notes on the Athenian Gymnasiarch
- The Mixed Constitution of Demetrius Phalereus
- Berenike Phernophoros and Other Virgin Queens in Early-Ptolemaic Egypt
- The Drafting Committee of the SC de Ludis Saecularibus of 17 February 17 BCE and the Principle of Seniority-based Hierarchy in Official Documents
- Livy, Cassius Dio, and Prodigies in the Early Roman Empire
- Procurator di[oecesis]? Reinterpretation of CIL VIII 14727 = ILPBardo 229 and the Beginnings of the Administration of Imperial Domains of Africa Proconsularis
- Los preparativos para la visita de Adriano a Hispania
- The Destruction of the Serapeum of Alexandria, Its Library, and the Immediate Reactions
- Literaturkritik
- Francesco Mari, Le héros comme il faut. Codes de comportement et contextes sociaux dans l’épopée homérique, Paris (De Boccard) 2019 (Études d’archéologie et d’histoire ancienne), 292 S., ISBN 978-2-7018-0596-2 (brosch.), € 39,–
- Moritz Hinsch, Ökonomik und Hauswirtschaft im klassischen Griechenland, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2021 (Historia-Einzelschriften 265), 658 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12841-4 (geb.), € 108,–
- Karen Piepenbrink, Die „Rhetorik“ des Aristoteles und ihr Verhältnis zum historischen Kontext, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2020 (Historia – Einzelschriften 261), 244 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12564-2 (geb.), € 52,–
- Waldemar Heckel – Johannes Heinrichs – Sabine Müller – Frances Pownall (Hgg.), Lexicon of Argead Makedonia, Berlin (Frank & Timme) 2020, 538 S., ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1 (geb.), € 128,–
- F. S. Naiden, Soldier, Priest, and God. A Life of Alexander the Great, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2019, 424 S., ISBN 978-0-19-087534-3 (geb.), £ 20,99
- Ludwig Meier, Kibyra in hellenistischer Zeit. Neue Staatsverträge und Ehreninschriften, Wien (Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften) 2019 (Ergänzungsbände zu den Tituli Asiae Minoris 29), 115 S., ISBN 978-3-7001-8346-4 (brosch.), € 80,–
- Silvio Leone, Polis, Platz und Porträt. Die Bildnisstatuen auf der Agora von Athen im Späthellenismus und in der Kaiserzeit (86 v. Chr.–267 n. Chr.), Berlin – Boston (De Gruyter) 2020 (Urban Spaces 9), X, 276 S., 133 Abb., ISBN 978-3-11-065283-3 (geb.), € 119,95
- Pascal Montlahuc, Le pouvoir des bons mots. « Faire rire » et politique à Rome du milieu du IIIe siècle a.C. à l’avènement des Antonins, Rom (École française de Rome) 2019 (Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 382), XI, 500 S., ISBN 978-2-7283-1366-2 (brosch.), € 37,–
- Francisco Pina Polo (Hg.), The Triumviral Period. Civil War, Political Crisis and Socioeconomic Transformations, Saragossa (Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza) 2020 (Libera Res Publica 2), 512 S., ISBN 978-84-1340-096-9 (brosch.), € 25,–
- Christian Seebacher, Zwischen Augustus und Antinoos. Tradition und Innovation im Prinzipat Hadrians, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2020 (Studies in Ancient Monarchies 6), 443 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12586-4 (geb.), € 72,–
- Robyn Faith Walsh, The Origins of Early Christian Literature. Contextualizing the New Testament within Greco-Roman Literary Culture, Cambridge – New York (Cambridge University Press) 2021, XIX, 225 S., ISBN 978-1-108-83530-5 (geb.), £ 75,–
- Iain Gardner, The Founder of Manichaeism. Rethinking the Life of Mani, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press) 2020, XXIV, 142 S., ISBN 978-1-108-49907-1 (geb.), £ 75,–
- Felix K. Maier, Palastrevolution. Der Weg zum hauptstädtischen Kaisertum im Römischen Reich des vierten Jahrhunderts, Paderborn (Schöningh Verlag) 2019 (Antike Imperien 1), X, 538 S., 20 s/w Abb., ISBN 978-3-506-79241-9 (geb.), € 99,–
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Titelseiten
- Aufsätze
- Tò Hellenikón, lo stesso sangue e la stessa lingua (VIII, 144). Erodoto e la costruzione dell’identità greca
- Penser le « changement » à l’envers : le passé, la tradition et les ancêtres vus par les différentes générations de l’époque classique
- Aristoteles und die athenischen Liturgien
- Some Notes on the Athenian Gymnasiarch
- The Mixed Constitution of Demetrius Phalereus
- Berenike Phernophoros and Other Virgin Queens in Early-Ptolemaic Egypt
- The Drafting Committee of the SC de Ludis Saecularibus of 17 February 17 BCE and the Principle of Seniority-based Hierarchy in Official Documents
- Livy, Cassius Dio, and Prodigies in the Early Roman Empire
- Procurator di[oecesis]? Reinterpretation of CIL VIII 14727 = ILPBardo 229 and the Beginnings of the Administration of Imperial Domains of Africa Proconsularis
- Los preparativos para la visita de Adriano a Hispania
- The Destruction of the Serapeum of Alexandria, Its Library, and the Immediate Reactions
- Literaturkritik
- Francesco Mari, Le héros comme il faut. Codes de comportement et contextes sociaux dans l’épopée homérique, Paris (De Boccard) 2019 (Études d’archéologie et d’histoire ancienne), 292 S., ISBN 978-2-7018-0596-2 (brosch.), € 39,–
- Moritz Hinsch, Ökonomik und Hauswirtschaft im klassischen Griechenland, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2021 (Historia-Einzelschriften 265), 658 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12841-4 (geb.), € 108,–
- Karen Piepenbrink, Die „Rhetorik“ des Aristoteles und ihr Verhältnis zum historischen Kontext, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2020 (Historia – Einzelschriften 261), 244 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12564-2 (geb.), € 52,–
- Waldemar Heckel – Johannes Heinrichs – Sabine Müller – Frances Pownall (Hgg.), Lexicon of Argead Makedonia, Berlin (Frank & Timme) 2020, 538 S., ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1 (geb.), € 128,–
- F. S. Naiden, Soldier, Priest, and God. A Life of Alexander the Great, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2019, 424 S., ISBN 978-0-19-087534-3 (geb.), £ 20,99
- Ludwig Meier, Kibyra in hellenistischer Zeit. Neue Staatsverträge und Ehreninschriften, Wien (Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften) 2019 (Ergänzungsbände zu den Tituli Asiae Minoris 29), 115 S., ISBN 978-3-7001-8346-4 (brosch.), € 80,–
- Silvio Leone, Polis, Platz und Porträt. Die Bildnisstatuen auf der Agora von Athen im Späthellenismus und in der Kaiserzeit (86 v. Chr.–267 n. Chr.), Berlin – Boston (De Gruyter) 2020 (Urban Spaces 9), X, 276 S., 133 Abb., ISBN 978-3-11-065283-3 (geb.), € 119,95
- Pascal Montlahuc, Le pouvoir des bons mots. « Faire rire » et politique à Rome du milieu du IIIe siècle a.C. à l’avènement des Antonins, Rom (École française de Rome) 2019 (Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 382), XI, 500 S., ISBN 978-2-7283-1366-2 (brosch.), € 37,–
- Francisco Pina Polo (Hg.), The Triumviral Period. Civil War, Political Crisis and Socioeconomic Transformations, Saragossa (Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza) 2020 (Libera Res Publica 2), 512 S., ISBN 978-84-1340-096-9 (brosch.), € 25,–
- Christian Seebacher, Zwischen Augustus und Antinoos. Tradition und Innovation im Prinzipat Hadrians, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2020 (Studies in Ancient Monarchies 6), 443 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12586-4 (geb.), € 72,–
- Robyn Faith Walsh, The Origins of Early Christian Literature. Contextualizing the New Testament within Greco-Roman Literary Culture, Cambridge – New York (Cambridge University Press) 2021, XIX, 225 S., ISBN 978-1-108-83530-5 (geb.), £ 75,–
- Iain Gardner, The Founder of Manichaeism. Rethinking the Life of Mani, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press) 2020, XXIV, 142 S., ISBN 978-1-108-49907-1 (geb.), £ 75,–
- Felix K. Maier, Palastrevolution. Der Weg zum hauptstädtischen Kaisertum im Römischen Reich des vierten Jahrhunderts, Paderborn (Schöningh Verlag) 2019 (Antike Imperien 1), X, 538 S., 20 s/w Abb., ISBN 978-3-506-79241-9 (geb.), € 99,–