Three-dimensional ultrasound for prenatal assessment of conjoined twins: additional advantages?
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Tuangsit Wataganara
, Pornpimol Ruangvutilert
, Prasert Sunsaneevithayakul , Kusol Russameecharoen , Katika Nawapun and Nisarat Phithakwatchara
Abstract
Conjoined twins are a rare, but serious, complication of monozygotic twins. Early prenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins is increasingly made with transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler studies. Most prenatally diagnosed conjoined twins are terminated due to the high perinatal mortality, but advancement in pediatric surgery has allowed for successful postnatal separation in a small number of cases, and some parents may consider this option over termination of pregnancy. It is important to get a detailed prenatal ultrasound for the site and extent of fusion for an accurate categorization. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) provides images that can facilitate counselling for the parents. Additional information that impacts on diagnosis, prognostication, and perinatal management of conjoined twins could be obtained from selective use of 3DUS, particularly those with atypical fetal union. Most of the proposed additional benefits of 3DUS are based on case reports. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used for the purpose of identifying intricate organ sharing. Because of the rarity of this condition, and the heterogeneity of fetal fusion, added benefits of either 3DUS or MRI for prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management of conjoined twins have not been demonstrated by well-conducted clinical trials. This article aims to review clinical application of various 3DUS display modes in prenatal assessment of conjoined twins, focusing on their potential additional benefits, risks and misuses. 3DUS may help detecting additional findings that are not possible with 2DUS, but, it has not been scientifically shown to improve the survival rate of the twins or reduce maternal morbidity.
Author’s Statement
Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Material and Methods: Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The research related to human subject use has complied with all the relevant national regulations, and institutional policies, and is in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the authors’ institutional review board or equivalent committee.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- 3D/4D Sonography
- Advantages of 3D ultrasound in the assessment of fetal abnormalities
- Diagnosis of fetal syndromes by three- and four-dimensional ultrasound: is there any improvement?
- Three-dimensional ultrasound for prenatal assessment of conjoined twins: additional advantages?
- Three dimensional power Doppler of the placenta and its clinical applications
- 3D power Doppler in the evaluation of abnormally invasive placenta
- 4D assessment of fetal brain function in diabetic patients
- Multicentric studies of the fetal neurobehavior by KANET test
- Fetal face as important indicator of fetal brain function
- 4D ultrasound study of fetal movement early in the second trimester of pregnancy
- Preimplantation 3D ultrasound: current uses and challenges
- 3D and 4D studies from human reproduction to perinatal medicine
- Congress Calendar
- Congress Calendar
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- 3D/4D Sonography
- Advantages of 3D ultrasound in the assessment of fetal abnormalities
- Diagnosis of fetal syndromes by three- and four-dimensional ultrasound: is there any improvement?
- Three-dimensional ultrasound for prenatal assessment of conjoined twins: additional advantages?
- Three dimensional power Doppler of the placenta and its clinical applications
- 3D power Doppler in the evaluation of abnormally invasive placenta
- 4D assessment of fetal brain function in diabetic patients
- Multicentric studies of the fetal neurobehavior by KANET test
- Fetal face as important indicator of fetal brain function
- 4D ultrasound study of fetal movement early in the second trimester of pregnancy
- Preimplantation 3D ultrasound: current uses and challenges
- 3D and 4D studies from human reproduction to perinatal medicine
- Congress Calendar
- Congress Calendar