Maternal endothelial damage as a disorder shared by early preeclampsia, late preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction

References

[1] Brosens IA, Robertson WB, Dixon HG. The role of spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obset Gynecol Annu. 1972;1:177–91.10.3109/10641959609015698Search in Google Scholar

[2] Ghosh SK, Raheja S, Tuli A, Raghunandan C, Agarwal S. Is serum placental growth factor more effective as a biomarker in predicting early onset preeclampsia in early second trimester than in first trimester of pregnancy? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013;287:865–73.10.1007/s00404-012-2662-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, Kusanovic JP, Soto E, Lam J, et al. Maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors in the third trimester of pregnancy to identify the patient at risk for stillbirth at or near term and severe late preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208:287.e1-287-15.10.1016/j.ajog.2013.01.016Search in Google Scholar

[4] Lehnen H, Mosblech N, Reineke T, Puchooa A, Menke-Möllers I, et al. Prenatal clinical assessment of sFlt-1 (Soluble fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1)/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio as a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and Proteinuria. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2013;73:440–5.10.1055/s-0032-1328601Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[5] Ghosh SK, Raheja S, Tuli A, Raghunandan C, Agarwal S. Can maternal serum placental growth factor estimation in early second trimester predict the occurrence of early onset preeclampsia and/or early onset intrauterine growth restriction? A prospective cohort study. Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013;39: 881–90.10.1111/jog.12006Search in Google Scholar

[6] Gerretsen GG, Huisjes HJ, Elema JD. Morphological changes of the spiral arteries in the placental bed in relation to pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1981;88:876–81.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1981.tb02222.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[7] Khong TY, De Wolf F, Robertson WB, Brosens I. Inadequate maternal vascular response to placentation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and by small-for-gestational age infants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1986;93:1049–59.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07830.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[8] Cindrova-Davies T, Herrera EA, Niu Y, Kindom J, Giussani DA, Burton GJ. Reduced cystathionine y-lyase and increased miR-21expression are associated with increased vascular resistance in growth-restricted pregnancies: hydrogen sulfide as a placental vasodilator. Am J Pathol. 2013;182:1448–58.10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.001Search in Google Scholar

[9] Labarrere C, Althabe O. Chronic villitis of unknown etiology and maternal arterial lesions in preeclamptic pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1985;20:1–11.10.1016/0028-2243(85)90077-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] Pathak S, Lees CC, Hackett G, Jessop F, Sebire NJ. Frequency and clinical significance of placental histological lesions in an unselected population at or near term. Virchows Arch. 2011;459:565–72.10.1007/s00428-011-1157-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Salafia CM, Minior VK, Pezzullo JC, Popek EJ, Rosenkranz TS, Vintzileos AM. Intrauterine growth restriction in infants of less than thirty-two weeks gestation; associated placental pathologic features. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173:1049–57.10.1016/0002-9378(95)91325-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Slafia CM, Pezzullo JC, Lopez-Zeno JA, Simmenes S, Minior VK, Vintzileos AM. Placental pathologic features of preterm preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173:1097–105.10.1016/0002-9378(95)91333-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2005;365:785–99.10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71003-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[14] Ness RB, Sibai BM. Shared and disparate components of the pathophysiologies of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:40–9.10.1016/j.ajog.2005.07.049Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[15] Crispi F, Dominguez C, Llurba E, Martin-Gallan P, Cabero L, Gratacos E. Placental angiogenic growth factor and uterine artery Doppler findings for characterization, of different subset in preeclampsia and in isolated intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obset Gynecol. 2006;195:201–7.10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] Ahmad S, Ahmed A. Elevated placental soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 inhibits angiogenesis in preeclampsia. Circ Res. 2004;95:884–91.10.1161/01.RES.0000147365.86159.f5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[17] Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Lim KH, Li J, Mondal S, et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:649–58.10.1172/JCI17189Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[18] Wallner W, Sengerberger R, Strick R, Strissel PL, Meurer B, Beckmann MW, et al. Angiogenic growth factor in maternal and fetal serum in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Clin Sci. (lond) 2007;112:51–7.10.1042/CS20060161Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Levine RJ, Lam C, Qian C, Yu KF, Maynard SE, Sachs BP, et al. Soluble endoglin and other circulating antiangiogenic factors in preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:992–1005.10.1056/NEJMoa055352Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Jacobs M, Nassar N, Roberts CL, Hadfield R, Morris JM, Ashton AW. Levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase one in first trimester and outcomes of pregnancy: a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:77.10.1186/1477-7827-9-77Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[21] Kusanovic JP, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Erez O, Mittal P, Vaisbuch E, et al. A prospective cohort study of the value of maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in early pregnancy and midtrimester in the identification of patients destined to develop preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22:1021–38.10.3109/14767050902994754Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] Rana S, Powe CE, Salahuddin S, Verlohren S, Perschel FH, Levine RJ, et al. Angiogenic factors and the risk of adverse outcomes in women with suspected preeclampsia. Circulation. 2012;125:911–19.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.054361Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[23] Bakalis S, Gallo DM, Mendez O, et al. Prediction of small-forgestational-age neonates: screening by maternal biochemical markers at 30–34 weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;46:208–15.10.1002/uog.14861Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[24] Herraiz I, Droge LA, Gomez-Montes E, Poon LC, Nicolaides KH. Characterization of the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 to placental growth factor ratio in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124:265–73.10.1097/AOG.0000000000000367Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[25] Alahakoon TI, Zhang W, Trudinger BJ, Lee VW. Discordant clinical presentations of preeclampsia and intrauterine fetal growth restriction with similar pro- and anti-angiogenic profiles. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27:1854–9.10.3109/14767058.2014.880882Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[26] Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 2003;9:669–76.10.1038/nm0603-669Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Kendall RL, Thomas KA. Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:10705–9.10.1073/pnas.90.22.10705Search in Google Scholar

[28] Lee S, Chen TT, Barber CL, Jordan MC, Murdock J, Desai S, et al. Auticrine VEGF signaling is required for vascular homeostasis. Cell. 2007;130:691–703.10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.054Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[29] Redman CW, Sargent IL. Latest advances in understanding preeclampsia. Science. 2005;308:1592–4.10.1126/science.1111726Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[30] Roberts JM. Objective evidence of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33:992–7.10.1016/S0272-6386(99)70439-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] Roberts JM. Endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1998;16:5–15.10.1055/s-2007-1016248Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[32] Roberts JM. Preeclampsia: not simply pregnancy-induced hypertension. Hosp Pract. 1995;3028:31–6.10.1080/21548331.1995.11443299Search in Google Scholar

[33] Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Musci TJ, Rodgers GM, Hubel CA, McLaughlin MK. Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161:1200–4.10.1016/0002-9378(89)90665-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[34] Fredman SA, Lubarsky SL, Ahokas RA, Nova A, Sibai BM. Preeclampsia and related disorders. Clinical aspects and relevance of endothelin and nitric oxide. Clin Perinatol. 1995;22:343–55.10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30287-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[35] Morris NH, Eaton BM, Dekker G. Nitric oxide the endothelium, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996;103:4–15.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09508.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[36] Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Golgfien A. Clinical and biochemical evidence of endothelial cell dysfunction in the pregnancy syndrome preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens. 1991;4:700–8.10.1093/ajh/4.8.700Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[37] Clark R, Quin HJ, Winn JM, Lanigan PD, Colvin RB. Fibronectin is produced by blood vessels in response to injury. J Exp Med. 1982;156:646–51.10.1084/jem.156.2.646Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[38] Dane C, Buyukasik H, Dane B, Yayla M. Maternal plasma fibronectin and advanced oxidative protein product for the prediction of preeclampsia in high risk pregnancies: a prospective cohort study. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2009;26:189–94.10.1159/000259317Search in Google Scholar

[39] Biskupska Bodovaa K, Biringera K, Dokusa K, Ivankovab J, Staskob J, Dankoa J. Fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry as markers of preeclampsia. Dis Markers. 2011;30:191–6.10.1155/2011/219350Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[40] Friedman SA, de Groot CJ, Taylor RN, Golditch BD, Roberts JM. Plasma cellular fibronectin as a measure of endothelial involvement in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:838–41.10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70295-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[41] Tjoa ML, Oudejans CB, Vugt JM. Markers for Presymptomatic Prediction of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Hypertens Pregnancy. 23:171–89.10.1081/PRG-120028292Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[42] Powers RW, Catov JM, Bodnar LM, Gallaher MJ, Lain BSKY, Roberts JM. Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia and risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Reprod Sci. 2008;15:374–81.10.1177/1933719107311780Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[43] Romero R, Nien JK, Espinoza J, Todem D, Fu W, Chung H, et al. A longitudinal study of angiogenic (placental growth factor) and anti-angiogenic (soluble endoglin and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1) factors in normal pregnancy and patients destined to develop preeclampsia and deliver a small for gestational age neonate. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008;21:9–23.10.1080/14767050701830480Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[44] Conrad KP, Miles TM, Benyo DF. Circulating levels of immunorective cytokines in women with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1998;40:102–11.10.1111/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00398.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed