Bioelectrical impedance analysis and hormonal assessment in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia
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Tarık Kırkgöz
and
Serkan Bilge Koca
Abstract
Objectives
Gynecomastia is common during adolescence, yet its relationship with body composition remains unclear. This study investigates differences in body composition, fat distribution, and hormonal profiles between adolescents with gynecomastia and healthy controls.
Methods
This case–control study included 70 adolescents diagnosed with gynecomastia and 67 healthy controls matched for age and Tanner stage. Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and serum hormonal profiles were assessed. Body composition parameters, including fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), bone mass (BM), total body water (TBW), muscle-to-fat mass ratio (MFR), and basal metabolic rate (BMR), were measured using the Tanita MC-780 MA device.
Results
Adolescents with gynecomastia exhibited significantly higher trunk fat mass (trunk fat mass: 20.60 ± 9.48 % vs. 17.64 ± 6.61 %, p=0.0462) and hormonal alterations, including reduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels (FSH: 2.7 ± 1.4 vs. 3.5 ± 2.0 IU/L, p=0.0164; fT4 12.4 ± 1.9 vs. 13.1 ± 2.5 p=0.0193).
Conclusions
These findings highlight the interplay between adiposity and endocrine changes in gynecomastia, warranting further exploration of underlying causative factors.
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Research ethics: The local Institutional Review Board approved the study.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in infants of mothers with hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis
- Original Articles
- Pubertal characteristics, final height, and associated factors in patients with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a single center experience
- Serum α-Klotho and its association with testosterone in boys with central precocious puberty
- Bioelectrical impedance analysis and hormonal assessment in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia
- The relationship between FSTL-1 (follistatin-related protein 1), FAM19A5 (family with sequence similarity 19, member A5) and CTRP-6 (C1q/TNF-related protein 6) levels and metabolic parameters in overweight children
- Role of hyperandrogenism on disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with PCOS and interplay with insulin resistance
- The impact of hepatic steatosis on epicardial adipose tissue in obese individuals
- Exploratory real-world experience with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. metformin in youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes: a single-center retrospective study
- Characterization of monogenic diabetes among Sudanese children: a multi-center experience from a population with high consanguinity
- Short Communication
- Implementation and feasibility of a nutrition assessment for recently diagnosed youth with type 2 diabetes
- Case Reports
- Noonan syndrome and autoimmune hepatitis: patient report and literature review
- Adrenal oncocytoma: an unusual etiology of Cushing’s syndrome in an adolescent female
- Novel MCT8 mutation: diagnostic value of T3/T4 ratio
- Clinical insights of the TBX19 C.856 C>T variant: a case report and literature review on neonatal isolated ACTH deficiency
- Wolcott–Rallison syndrome due to a novel homozygous missense variation (p.Gly602Val) in the exon 11 of EIF2AK3 gene
