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Molecular mechanisms involved in fetal programming and disease origin in adulthood

  • José Alfredo Aguayo-Guerrero , Sonia León-Cabrera und Galileo Escobedo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 29. Mai 2023
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Aus der Zeitschrift Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Band 36 Heft 7

Abstract

Fetal programming occurs during the gestational age when exposure to environmental stimuli can cause long-term changes in the fetus, predisposing it to develop chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) in adulthood. Herein, we summarized the role of low-calorie or high-fat diets during pregnancy as fetal programming agents that induce intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), amplified de novo lipogenesis, and increased amino acid transport to the placenta, which favor the CNCD onset in the offspring. We also outlined how maternal obesity and gestational diabetes act as fetal programming stimuli by reducing iron absorption and oxygen transport to the fetus, stimulating inflammatory pathways that boost neurological disorders and CNCD in the progeny. Moreover, we reviewed the mechanisms through which fetal hypoxia elevates the offspring’s risk of developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease in adult life by unbalancing the renin-angiotensin system and promoting kidney cell apoptosis. Finally, we examined how inadequate vitamin B12 and folic acid consumption during pregnancy programs the fetus to greater adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in adulthood. A better understanding of the fetal programming mechanisms may help us reduce the onset of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other CNCD in the offspring during adulthood.

Keywords: chronic non-communicable diseases; disease origin; embryonic development; fetal programming; fetus; gestational age; pregnancy
Corresponding author: Dr. Galileo Escobedo, PhD, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico, Phone: +52(55) 2789 2000x5646, E-mail:

Funding source: CONACYT-Mexico

Award Identifier / Grant number: CB-2016-286209

Acknowledgments

José A. Aguayo-Guerrero is a doctoral student from the Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and acknowledges the CONACYT fellowship number CVU959984.

  1. Research funding: This work was supported by grant number CB-2016-286209 from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-México (CONACYT-México).

  2. Author contributions: J. A. Aguayo-Guerrero, S. León-Cabrera, and G. Escobedo have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests regarding the publication of this manuscript.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: Not applicable.

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Received: 2022-09-26
Accepted: 2023-05-14
Published Online: 2023-05-29
Published in Print: 2023-07-26

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. Molecular mechanisms involved in fetal programming and disease origin in adulthood
  4. Original Articles
  5. Neuropathy in paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus – clinical characterization and analysis of risk factors in the diabetes prospective follow-up registry DPV (Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation)-registry
  6. Effect of metabolic control on cognitive functions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  7. Uric acid and sCD163 as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction and MAFLD in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity
  8. Endocrinological, immunological and metabolic features of patients with Fabry disease under therapy
  9. Evaluation and management of pediatric thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer at a single institution after adoption of the American Thyroid Association 2015 guidelines
  10. Fasting ketone levels vary by age: implications for differentiating physiologic from pathologic ketotic hypoglycemia
  11. Association of adipocytokines and adipocytokine ratios with cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese preadolescents
  12. Daily vs. monthly oral vitamin D3 for treatment of symptomatic vitamin D deficiency in infants: a randomized controlled trial
  13. Short Communication
  14. Management and outcomes in secondary diabetes among pediatric patients hospitalized with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
  15. Letter to the Editor
  16. Potential usefulness of assessing serum betamethasone levels during betamethasone therapy
  17. Case Reports
  18. Acquired idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency with associated autoimmune thyroiditis in pediatrics: case report and review of the literature
  19. A very rare cause of hypertrygliseridemia in infancy: a novel mutation in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene
  20. Difficult to think about but easy to treat: scurvy
  21. Severe hypophosphataemia can be an early sign of osteopetrorickets: a case report
  22. Corrigendum
  23. Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in children: a survey among pediatric endocrinologists in North America
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0491
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
chronic non-communicable diseases; disease origin; embryonic development; fetal programming; fetus; gestational age; pregnancy

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. Molecular mechanisms involved in fetal programming and disease origin in adulthood
  4. Original Articles
  5. Neuropathy in paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus – clinical characterization and analysis of risk factors in the diabetes prospective follow-up registry DPV (Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation)-registry
  6. Effect of metabolic control on cognitive functions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  7. Uric acid and sCD163 as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction and MAFLD in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity
  8. Endocrinological, immunological and metabolic features of patients with Fabry disease under therapy
  9. Evaluation and management of pediatric thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer at a single institution after adoption of the American Thyroid Association 2015 guidelines
  10. Fasting ketone levels vary by age: implications for differentiating physiologic from pathologic ketotic hypoglycemia
  11. Association of adipocytokines and adipocytokine ratios with cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese preadolescents
  12. Daily vs. monthly oral vitamin D3 for treatment of symptomatic vitamin D deficiency in infants: a randomized controlled trial
  13. Short Communication
  14. Management and outcomes in secondary diabetes among pediatric patients hospitalized with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
  15. Letter to the Editor
  16. Potential usefulness of assessing serum betamethasone levels during betamethasone therapy
  17. Case Reports
  18. Acquired idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency with associated autoimmune thyroiditis in pediatrics: case report and review of the literature
  19. A very rare cause of hypertrygliseridemia in infancy: a novel mutation in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene
  20. Difficult to think about but easy to treat: scurvy
  21. Severe hypophosphataemia can be an early sign of osteopetrorickets: a case report
  22. Corrigendum
  23. Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in children: a survey among pediatric endocrinologists in North America
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