Children-Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII), cardiometabolic risk, and inflammation in adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Feray Çağiran Yilmaz; Murat Açık

doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0280

Article

Children-Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII), cardiometabolic risk, and inflammation in adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Feray Çağiran Yilmaz and Murat Açık

Published/Copyright: September 16, 2021

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From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 35 Issue 2

Abstract

Objectives

There is limited evidence about the inflammatory potential of diet and cardiometabolic risk in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) with cardiometabolic risk factors in Turkish adolescents from 10 to 17 years.

Methods

Participants aged 10–17 years, who completed a 24-h dietary recall, from which C-DII scores were calculated, were include in this cross-sectional study. Lipid profile, glycemic parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), liver enzymes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and uric acid were analyzed in blood samples. Sociodemographic characteristics and sedentary behavior were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. We compared the distributions of anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure measurement levels associated with cardiometabolic risk factors by the median of C-DII with linear regression.

Results

The mean sample C-DII was −0.16 ± 2.31 and ranged from −3.22 to +4.09. Higher median C-DII scores, indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet among children, were associated with higher blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). However, the C-DII was modestly directly associated with fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, and waist circumference. The area under the receiver operating curve of C-DII in predicting hs-CRP was found to be quite high (0.864, 95% CI: 0.795–0.933).

Conclusions

Consuming a pro-inflammatory diet in adolescence was associated with alterations in cardiometabolic risk factors, especially with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI.

Keywords: adolescent; blood pressure; cardiometabolic risk; children’s dietary inflammatory index; C-reactive protein

Corresponding author: Murat Açik, MSc (Res. Assist./Dietician) Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fırat University Faculty of Health Sciences, Elazığ, Turkey, Phone: +90 (554) 111 81 24, E-mail: macik@firat.edu.tr

Research funding: This research was not supported by any institution or organization.
Author contributions: MA and FÇY were responsible for study design and data collection. In addition, MA was responsible for the data analysis, results, and discussion section of the manuscript while FÇY was responsible for the introduction and methods section. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version submitted for publication.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Ethics Committee of Fıfrat University (Ethics approval no. 13/13, 2019).

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Received: 2021-04-16

Accepted: 2021-09-02

Published Online: 2021-09-16

Published in Print: 2022-02-23

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0280

Keywords for this article

adolescent; blood pressure; cardiometabolic risk; children’s dietary inflammatory index; C-reactive protein