Ghrelin and leptin levels in children with anxiety disorders
-
Sevgi Ozmen
,
Asilay Şeker
Abstract
Background
Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric disorders in childhood and an important health problem that is associated with the risk of serious mental, educational and economical problems. Researchers have mentioned many different mechanisms in the etiopathology of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to investigate ghrelin and leptin levels in children with anxiety disorders and thus to contribute to the clarification of anxiety in children.
Methods
Forty-three children aged 6–12 years with a diagnosis of the Anxiety Disorder according to DSM 5 and 21 healthy children age- and gender-matched to the study group were included. All the subjects were assessed with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) scale. Blood samples were obtained in the morning and serum ghrelin and leptin levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
Results
In the anxiety group the ghrelin levels were higher than the control group (p = 0.037) but there was no significant difference between the leptin levels (p = 0.430). Also, when the girls in the anxiety group and the girls in the control group were compared, ghrelin levels were higher in the anxiety group (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
These findings suggest that ghrelin may play a significant role in the etiologic mechanisms of anxiety disorders. However, more detailed studies are needed to explain the linkage between anxiety disorders and neuropeptides.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Eser KILIÇ for his kind help and advice over the course of the present study.
Authors’ contributions: Conceived and designed the study: SÖ, ED. Performed the experiments or case: AŞ. Analyzed the data: SÖ, ED. Wrote the paper: SÖ, ED. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Ghrelin and leptin levels in children with anxiety disorders
- The effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy on cardiac findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis
- Long-term follow-up of children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: suggestions for age dependent treatment in childhood and puberty
- Changes in body mass index in children on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy with precocious puberty, early puberty or short stature
- Psychological effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in girls with central precocious puberty
- The effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria: findings from a large national cohort
- Zinc deficiency in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature
- Psychometric performance of the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) questionnaire in a randomized open-label comparator trial in idiopathic short stature
- Findings of metabolic bone disease in infants with unexplained fractures in contested child abuse investigations: a case series of 75 infants
- Effect of home-based strength training program on IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in obese Latino boys participating in a 16-week randomized controlled trial
- Adiposity and attained height in adolescents: a longitudinal analysis from the LabMed Physical Activity Study
- Providing quality care for children and adolescents with diabetes from lower-income families in Mexico
- Screening of monogenic autoimmune diabetes among children with type 1 diabetes and multiple autoimmune diseases: is it worth doing?
- Validation of a risk screening tool for pediatric type 1 diabetes patients: a predictor of increased acute health care utilization
- Triglyceride/glucose index is a reliable alternative marker for insulin resistance in South American overweight and obese children and adolescents
- Micro-RNA 196a2 expression and miR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphism in T1DM: a pilot study
- Case Reports
- Successful treatment of infantile-onset ACAD9-related cardiomyopathy with a combination of sodium pyruvate, beta-blocker, and coenzyme Q10
- Short stature: making a crystal clear diagnosis
- Severe arterial hypertension and hyperandrogenism in a boy: a rare case of catecholamine- and β-HCG-secreting pheochromocytoma
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Ghrelin and leptin levels in children with anxiety disorders
- The effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy on cardiac findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis
- Long-term follow-up of children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: suggestions for age dependent treatment in childhood and puberty
- Changes in body mass index in children on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy with precocious puberty, early puberty or short stature
- Psychological effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in girls with central precocious puberty
- The effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria: findings from a large national cohort
- Zinc deficiency in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature
- Psychometric performance of the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) questionnaire in a randomized open-label comparator trial in idiopathic short stature
- Findings of metabolic bone disease in infants with unexplained fractures in contested child abuse investigations: a case series of 75 infants
- Effect of home-based strength training program on IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in obese Latino boys participating in a 16-week randomized controlled trial
- Adiposity and attained height in adolescents: a longitudinal analysis from the LabMed Physical Activity Study
- Providing quality care for children and adolescents with diabetes from lower-income families in Mexico
- Screening of monogenic autoimmune diabetes among children with type 1 diabetes and multiple autoimmune diseases: is it worth doing?
- Validation of a risk screening tool for pediatric type 1 diabetes patients: a predictor of increased acute health care utilization
- Triglyceride/glucose index is a reliable alternative marker for insulin resistance in South American overweight and obese children and adolescents
- Micro-RNA 196a2 expression and miR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphism in T1DM: a pilot study
- Case Reports
- Successful treatment of infantile-onset ACAD9-related cardiomyopathy with a combination of sodium pyruvate, beta-blocker, and coenzyme Q10
- Short stature: making a crystal clear diagnosis
- Severe arterial hypertension and hyperandrogenism in a boy: a rare case of catecholamine- and β-HCG-secreting pheochromocytoma
