Replacement of breastfeeding with medical food for the treatment of galactosemia and phenylketonuria: maternal stress
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Kleopatra Schulpis
Abstract
Breastfeeding replacement is the only treatment for galactosemia (GAL) and phenylketonuria (PKU) during infancy. We aimed to evaluate the stress degree in mothers who were obliged to replace breastfeeding with special formulas as the only treatment for the diseased newborns. Thirty-two mothers with GAL newborns, 19 on breastfeeding only and 13 on breastfeeding plus formula, participated in this study. Additionally, 54 mothers with PKU infants, 32 offered breastfeeding only and 22 breastfeeding plus formula, participated in the study. Stress degree was evaluated in both groups: GAL and PKU. Mothers on breastfeeding only experienced the highest degree of stress than those who were on breastfeeding plus formula. After 1 month of psychological support, most mothers were ameliorated: mothers on breastfeeding only felt better as compared to those on breastfeeding plus formula. Conversely, in mothers on breastfeeding plus formulas, symptoms and signs of stress almost disappeared. In conclusion, GAL or PKU mothers with breastfeeding only experienced the highest degree of stress when asked for breastfeeding replacement. Psychological support made all the studied groups to feel better or free of symptoms and signs of stress.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Effect of safflower yellow on early type II diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Original Articles
- Genomic study via chromosomal microarray analysis in a group of Romanian patients with obesity and developmental disability/intellectual disability
- Clinical and molecular characteristics and time of diagnosis of patients with classical galactosemia in an unscreened population in Turkey
- Assessment of retinal thickness as a marker of brain masculinization in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a pilot study
- Auditory event-related potentials demonstrate early cognitive impairment in children with subclinical hypothyroidism
- Cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- The relationship between serum FGF-23 concentration and insulin resistance, prediabetes and dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents
- The metabolic consequences of overweight in a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes
- The spectrum of pediatric adrenal insufficiency: insights from 34 years of experience
- Growth screening in children aged 3–5 years: a useful tool for public health programs in community pediatrics
- Selective receptor-mediated impairment of growth factor activity in neonatal- and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients
- Determinants for low bone mineral density in pre-school children: a matched case-control study in Wuhan, China
- Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indian adolescents
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in Chinese children: genes and clinical phenotypes
- Severe, persistent neonatal hypoglycemia as a presenting feature in patients with congenital hypopituitarism: a review of our case series
- Case Reports
- Short stature in a boy with atypical progeria syndrome due to LMNA c.433G>A [p.(Glu145Lys)]: apparent growth hormone deficiency but poor response to growth hormone therapy
- A novel mutation leading to the lethal form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type-2 deficiency
- Diagnosis of cyclic Cushing’s disease manifests as early morning hyperglycemia in a patient with previously well-controlled type 1 diabetes
- Short Communication
- Replacement of breastfeeding with medical food for the treatment of galactosemia and phenylketonuria: maternal stress
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Effect of safflower yellow on early type II diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Original Articles
- Genomic study via chromosomal microarray analysis in a group of Romanian patients with obesity and developmental disability/intellectual disability
- Clinical and molecular characteristics and time of diagnosis of patients with classical galactosemia in an unscreened population in Turkey
- Assessment of retinal thickness as a marker of brain masculinization in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a pilot study
- Auditory event-related potentials demonstrate early cognitive impairment in children with subclinical hypothyroidism
- Cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- The relationship between serum FGF-23 concentration and insulin resistance, prediabetes and dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents
- The metabolic consequences of overweight in a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes
- The spectrum of pediatric adrenal insufficiency: insights from 34 years of experience
- Growth screening in children aged 3–5 years: a useful tool for public health programs in community pediatrics
- Selective receptor-mediated impairment of growth factor activity in neonatal- and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients
- Determinants for low bone mineral density in pre-school children: a matched case-control study in Wuhan, China
- Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indian adolescents
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in Chinese children: genes and clinical phenotypes
- Severe, persistent neonatal hypoglycemia as a presenting feature in patients with congenital hypopituitarism: a review of our case series
- Case Reports
- Short stature in a boy with atypical progeria syndrome due to LMNA c.433G>A [p.(Glu145Lys)]: apparent growth hormone deficiency but poor response to growth hormone therapy
- A novel mutation leading to the lethal form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type-2 deficiency
- Diagnosis of cyclic Cushing’s disease manifests as early morning hyperglycemia in a patient with previously well-controlled type 1 diabetes
- Short Communication
- Replacement of breastfeeding with medical food for the treatment of galactosemia and phenylketonuria: maternal stress
