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The relationship between metabolic syndrome, cytokines and physical activity in obese youth with and without Prader-Willi syndrome

  • Kelsey L. McAlister , Koren L. Fisher , Marilyn C. Dumont-Driscoll and Daniela A. Rubin EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 5, 2018
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 31 Issue 8

Abstract

Background:

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between adiposity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), cytokines and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in youth with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and non-syndromic obesity (OB).

Methods:

Twenty-one youth with PWS and 34 with OB aged 8–15 years participated. Measurements included body composition, blood pressure, fasting blood markers for glucose control, lipids and inflammation and MVPA. Group differences for adiposity, MetS, blood parameters and MVPA were determined using independent t-tests and chi-square (χ2) analyses. Bivariate correlations and analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined the associations between adiposity, MetS severity, cytokines and MVPA.

Results:

PWS presented similar percentage of body fat (%), lower body mass index (BMI) z-scores, insulin resistance, triglycerides, MetS severity, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and MVPA and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin (ADP) than OB. Fewer PWS presented MetS based on BMI z-score (61.9% vs. 91.2%) and glucose (14.3% vs. 44.1%) compared to OB. In all youth, MetS severity was significantly associated with body fat %, ADP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α and also with CRP in PWS, but associations became non-significant for CRP and IL-6 when controlling for body fat %. In PWS, those with low MVPA had significantly higher TNF-α than those with high MVPA (1.80±0.45 vs. 1.39±0.26 pg/mL).

Conclusions:

Although PWS presented better cardiometabolic profiles than OB and lower MetS risk, associations between body fat, MetS and cytokines were somewhat similar for both groups, with the exception of CRP. Results suggest a potential role for MVPA related to MetS and inflammation and extend associations shown in OB to PWS.

Keywords: cytokines; obesity; physical activity; Prader-Willi syndrome
Corresponding author: Daniela A. Rubin, PhD, Professor, California State University, Fullerton, Department of Kinesiology, 800 N. State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: Funded by USAMRMC Contract W81XWH11-1-0765.

  3. Employment or leadership: None declared.

  4. Honorarium: None declared.

  5. Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

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Received: 2017-12-22
Accepted: 2018-06-04
Published Online: 2018-07-05
Published in Print: 2018-08-28

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Urinary bisphenol-A levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  4. The relationship between metabolic syndrome, cytokines and physical activity in obese youth with and without Prader-Willi syndrome
  5. Association of anthropometric measures and cardio-metabolic risk factors in normal-weight children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study
  6. The effect of obesity and insulin resistance on macular choroidal thickness in a pediatric population as assessed by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography
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  13. Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Chinese patients
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https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0539
Keywords for this article
cytokines; obesity; physical activity; Prader-Willi syndrome

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Urinary bisphenol-A levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  4. The relationship between metabolic syndrome, cytokines and physical activity in obese youth with and without Prader-Willi syndrome
  5. Association of anthropometric measures and cardio-metabolic risk factors in normal-weight children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study
  6. The effect of obesity and insulin resistance on macular choroidal thickness in a pediatric population as assessed by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography
  7. Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR): clinical heterogeneity and long-term efficacious management of eight patients from four unrelated Arab families with a loss of function VDR mutation
  8. Long-term thyroid disorders in pediatric survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after chemotherapy-only conditioning
  9. Screening for autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease in minority children with type 1 diabetes
  10. Resistance exercise alone improves muscle strength in growth hormone deficient males in the transition phase
  11. Sequential measurements of IGF-I serum concentrations in adolescents with Laron syndrome treated with recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I)
  12. Symptomatic Rathke cleft cyst in paediatric patients – clinical presentations, surgical treatment and postoperative outcomes – an analysis of 38 cases
  13. Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Chinese patients
  14. Single center experience of biotinidase deficiency: 259 patients and six novel mutations
  15. Next-generation sequencing as a second-tier diagnostic test for newborn screening
  16. Case Reports
  17. Thyroid storm after choking
  18. Three new Brazilian cases of 17α-hydroxylase deficiency: clinical, molecular, hormonal, and treatment features
  19. Diazoxide toxicity in a child with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy: mixed hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma and ketoacidosis
  20. Refractory hypoglycemia in a pediatric patient with desmoplastic small round cell tumor
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