Pediatric toxic polycystic thyroid
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Janeil M. Belle
Abstract
Background:
Polycystic thyroid disease (PCTD) is a rare condition and has been described in adults in the setting of subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism. We present the first known case of a pediatric patient with diffuse macrocystic degeneration of the thyroid.
Clinical presentation:
A 6-year-old previously healthy patient was evaluated after presenting with a 16-month history of an enlarging polycystic thyroid and hyperthyroidism. Markers of autoimmune thyroid disease including thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody were negative. No family history of benign or malignant thyroid or cystic disease was present. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy without perioperative complication. She remains euthyroid with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Summary:
To our knowledge, this is the first report of PCTD in the pediatric population associated with hyperthyroidism without evidence of autoimmune disease. Somatic activating thyrotropin-receptor gene mutations are known to cause non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism in children, however it is unknown if similar mechanisms are responsible for pediatric PCTD.
Conclusions:
Polycystic thyroid degeneration can occur in children and may result in a hyperthyroid state.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Eric Allen Albright and Dr. Alaleh Esmaeili Shandiz, Department of Pathology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health for technical assistance with photomicroscopy.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- High prevalence of organ specific autoantibodies in Indian type 1 diabetic patients
- Improved metabolic control in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), responsive phenylketonuria with sapropterin administered in two divided doses vs. a single daily dose
- Excessive weight gain in exclusively breast-fed infants
- Comparison of Tanner staging of HIV-infected and uninfected girls at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Joint association of screen time and physical activity with anthropometric measures in Iranian children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study
- Assessment of insulin like growth factor-1 and IGF binding protein-3 in healthy Indian girls from Delhi and their correlation with age, pubertal status, obesity and thyroid hormonal status
- Impact of discontinuation of growth hormone treatment on lipids and weight status in adolescents
- Clinical, biochemical and genetic features with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency and final height
- A combined approach to generate laboratory reference intervals using unbalanced longitudinal data
- Clinical evaluation and mutational analysis of GALK and GALE genes in patients with galactosemia in Greece: one novel mutation and two rare cases
- Case Reports
- Pediatric toxic polycystic thyroid
- In utero virilization secondary to a maternal Krukenberg tumor: case report and review of literature
- Postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in a child as a late complication of esophageal reconstruction
- Long-term follow-up of a child with Klinefelter syndrome and achondroplasia from infancy to 16 years
