Assessment of stress levels in girls with central precocious puberty before and during long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment: a pilot study
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Tais A.S. Menk
Abstract
Background:
The objective of the study was to determine the stress levels of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) before and during treatment with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa).
Methods:
The Child Stress Scale (CSS) was used for 10 unrelated girls with CPP before and after the first year of GnRHa treatment. The CSS is divided into four subscales (physical, psychological, psychological with depressive component and psychophysiological reactions). Through a quantitative analysis, it is possible to classify stress into four stages: alarm, resistance, near-exhaustion and exhaustion.
Results:
At diagnosis, 90% of the girls showed stress levels scores at the alarm or resistance stage on at least one subscale, mostly in terms of physical and psychological reactions. The mean total stress score was significantly higher before when compared to after GnRHa treatment (43.4±15.6 vs. 28.9±9.7; p<0.05). The mean stress scores obtained in all subscales, except the one on psychophysiological reactions, were significantly higher before GnRHa treatment.
Conclusions:
Higher stress levels were a common finding in girls with CPP before treatment. The significant stress level reduction after pubertal suppression reinforces the idea that sexual precocity is a stressful condition in children. The CSS might be a useful tool for psychological assessment of patients with CPP.
Author contributions: T.A.S.M recruited patients, performed psychological evaluations, analyzed the database and wrote the article. M.I supervised psychological evaluations, D.B.M and D.S.B performed clinical assessments and helped in patient selection. A.C.L and B.B.M participated in data interpretation and critical revision and V.N.B performed the study design, supervised the analysis and interpretation of data and revised the article. All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
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- Review
- Multiple effects of probiotics on different types of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
- Original Articles
- Oral administration of diluted nasal desmopressin in managing neonatal central diabetes insipidus
- Does body fat percentage predict post-exercise heart rate response in non-obese children and adolescents?
- The relationship between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents
- Neck circumference is similarly predicting for impairment of glucose tolerance as classic anthropometric parameters among healthy and obese children and adolescents
- Reduced bone mineral density in Chinese children with phenylketonuria
- Assessment of stress levels in girls with central precocious puberty before and during long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment: a pilot study
- Association study of LIN28B in girls with precocious puberty
- Molecular genetics of growth hormone deficient children: correlation with auxology and response to first year of growth hormone therapy
- Evaluation of factors associated with elevated newborn 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels
- Evaluation of endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a study from Turkey
- Case Reports
- Opioid-induced hyponatremia in a patient with central diabetes insipidus: independence from ADH
- Deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency: a report of four patients
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency caused by a novel homozygous Alu element insertion in the FBP1 gene and delayed diagnosis
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Multiple effects of probiotics on different types of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
- Original Articles
- Oral administration of diluted nasal desmopressin in managing neonatal central diabetes insipidus
- Does body fat percentage predict post-exercise heart rate response in non-obese children and adolescents?
- The relationship between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents
- Neck circumference is similarly predicting for impairment of glucose tolerance as classic anthropometric parameters among healthy and obese children and adolescents
- Reduced bone mineral density in Chinese children with phenylketonuria
- Assessment of stress levels in girls with central precocious puberty before and during long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment: a pilot study
- Association study of LIN28B in girls with precocious puberty
- Molecular genetics of growth hormone deficient children: correlation with auxology and response to first year of growth hormone therapy
- Evaluation of factors associated with elevated newborn 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels
- Evaluation of endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a study from Turkey
- Case Reports
- Opioid-induced hyponatremia in a patient with central diabetes insipidus: independence from ADH
- Deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency: a report of four patients
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency caused by a novel homozygous Alu element insertion in the FBP1 gene and delayed diagnosis
