Food exchange estimation by children with type 1 diabetes at summer camp
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Wojciech Szypowski
Abstract
Background:
As exchange counting poses difficulty for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) attending diabetes camps, they often guesstimate food amount without performing an exchange calculation. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of estimation with exchange counting using the mobile food exchange calculator (MFEC).
Methods:
During a summer camp, 25 children with T1D on pumps estimated the number of carbohydrate (CE) and fat/protein exchanges (FPE) appropriate for main meals. Afterwards, the number of exchanges was counted with MFEC and electronic scales.
Results:
There was a difference between CE (p<0.0001) and FPE (p<0.0001) estimations and counting using MFEC. The youth miscalculated the true values of ≥1 CE and ≥1 FPE by 31% and 23%, respectively. They more often underestimated than overestimated CE and FPE (p<0.0001). The estimation error increased with younger age.
Conclusions:
Carbohydrate counting caused significant error in the exchange number. The use of MFEC facilitates correct exchange calculation. Patients should weigh food and calculate exchanges themselves using mobile applications.
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the children who agreed to participate in our study.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organisation(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Disorders of sex development
- Original Articles
- Fertility and sexual function: a gap in training in pediatric endocrinology
- Disorders of sex development in children in KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa: 20-year experience in a tertiary centre
- Novel mutations of the SRD5A2 and AR genes in Thai patients with 46, XY disorders of sex development
- Sensitivity and specificity of different methods for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes screening: is the oral glucose tolerance test still the standard?
- Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Aegle marmelos (L.) corr. is partly mediated by increased insulin secretion, α-amylase inhibition, and retardation of glucose absorption
- Risk factors that affect metabolic health status in obese children
- Nocturnal levels of chemerin and progranulin in adolescents: influence of sex, body mass index, glucose metabolism and sleep
- Elevated endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) levels are associated with circulating soluble RAGE levels in diabetic children
- Food exchange estimation by children with type 1 diabetes at summer camp
- Usefulness of non-fasting lipid parameters in children
- Monitoring steroid replacement therapy in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Clinical and molecular characterization of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in a Chinese population
- An analysis of the sequence of the BAD gene among patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
- Case Reports
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a female patient with congenital arhinia
- Transdermal testosterone gel for induction and continuation of puberty in adolescent boys with hepatic dysfunction
- Long-term response to growth hormone therapy in a patient with short stature caused by a novel heterozygous mutation in NPR2
- Three cases of Japanese acromicric/geleophysic dysplasia with FBN1 mutations: a comparison of clinical and radiological features
