Simulative study of optical digital signal processing based space/mode division multiplexing system with elevated hybrid ultra wide-band EDFA/Raman/EDFA amplification over SDM/few mode fibers
-
Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu
,
Muthappa Perumal Chitra
Abstract
This paper has highlighted the simulative study of optical digital signal processing based space/mode division multiplexing system with elevated hybrid ultra wide-band EDFA/Raman/EDFA amplification over SDM/Few mode fibers. Possible transmission system distance is measured in relation to the signal attenuation for SDM/FMF fibers through different pumping power levels at the same operating simulation parameters. As well as the possible system bit rate is demonstrated against the signal dispersion coefficient for both SDM and few mode fiber (FMF) fibers through different levels of the pumping power. Optical signal per noise ratio per channel, optical received channel power, signal per noise ratio at receiver, electrical received power at receiver, and overall system bit error rate are clarified against various pumping power levels with SDM/FMF fibers at the optimum signal attenuation/dispersion coefficient under the same operating simulation parameters. Possible transmission distance is indicated in relation to different signal attenuation levels with SDM and FMF fibers in the presence and absence of amplification under the same operating simulation parameters. Moreover, possible transmission bit rate per channel is demonstrated in relation to different signal dispersion levels with both FMF and SDM fibers across with/without amplification under the same operating simulation parameters.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Chang, GK, Chowdhury, A, Jia, Z, Chien, HC, Huang, MF, Yu, J, et al.. Key technologies of WDM-PON for future converged optical broadband access networks. J Opt Commun Networking 2009;1:C35–50. https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.000c35.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Effenberger, FJ, Kani, JI, Maeda, Y. Standardization trends and prospective views on the next generation of broadband optical access systems. IEEE J Sel Area Commun 2010;28:773–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2010.100802.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Amaya, N, Yan, S, Channegowda, M, Rofoee, BR, Shu, Y, Rashidi, M, et al.. Software defined networking (SDN) over space division multiplexing (SDM) optical networks: features, benefits and experimental demonstration. Opt Express 2014;22:3638–47. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.003638.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Li, G, Liu, X. Focus issue space multiplexed optical transmission. Opt Express 2011;19:16574–5. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.016574.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Li, G, Bai, N, Zhao, N, Xia, C. Space-division multiplexing: the next Frontier in optical communication. Adv Opt Photonics 2014;6:413–87. https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.6.000413.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Igarashi, K, Soma, D, Wakayama, Y, Takeshima, K, Kawaguchi, Y, Yoshikane, N, et al.. Ultra-dense spatial-division-multiplexed optical fiber transmission over 6-mode 19-core fibers. Opt Express 2016;24:10213–31. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.010213.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Soma, D, Wakayama, Y, Beppu, S, Sumita, S, Tsuritani, T, Hayashi, T, et al.. 10.16-Peta-B/s dense SDM/WDM transmission over 6-mode 19-core fiber across the C+L band. J Lightwave Technol 2018;36:1362–8.10.1109/JLT.2018.2799380Suche in Google Scholar
8. Sakaguchi, J, Klaus, W, Puttnam, BJ, Mendinueta, JMD, Awaji, Y, Wada, N, et al.. 19-core MCF transmission system using EDFA with shared core pumping coupled via freespace optics. Opt Express 2014;22:90–5. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.000090.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Chaudhary, S, Tang, X, Wei, X. Comparison of Laguerre-Gaussian and donut modes for MDM-WDM in OFDM-Ro-FSO transmission system. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 2018;93:208–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2018.06.024.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Weng, Y, He, X, Pan, Z. Space division multiplexing optical communication using few-mode fibers. Opt Fiber Technol 2017;36:155–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2017.03.009.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Shieh, W, Li, A, Amin, AA, Chen, X. Space-division multiplexing for optical communications. IEEE Photonics Soc Newsl 2012;26:4–12.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Li, G, Karlsson, M, Liu, X, Quiquempois, Y. Focus issue introduction: space-division multiplexing. Opt Express 2014;22:32526–7. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.032526.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Weng, Y, Wang, J, Pan, Z. Recent advances in DSP techniques for mode division multiplexing optical networks with MIMO equalization: a review. Appl Sci 2019;9:1178–205. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061178.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Berdagué, S, Facq, P. Mode division multiplexing in optical fibers. Appl Opt 1982;21:1950–5. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.21.001950.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Richardson David, J, Fini, JM, Nelson, LE. Space-division multiplexing in optical fibers. Nat Photonics 2013;7:354–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.94.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Grieco, A, Porter, G, Fainman, Y. Integrated space-division multiplexer for application to data center networks. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 2015;22:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2015.2492361.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Amphawan, A, Fazea, Y. Laguerre-Gaussian mode division multiplexing in multimode fiber using SLMs in VCSEL arrays. J Eur Opt Soc, Rapid Publ 2016;12:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-016-0007-7.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Essiambre, RJ, Ryf, R, Fontaine, NK, Randel, S. Breakthroughs in photonics 2012: space-division multiplexing in multimode and multicore fibers for high-capacity optical communication. IEEE Photonics J 2013;5:0701307–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2013.2253091.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Lee, JH, Lee, WJ, Park, N. Comparative study on temperature-dependent multichannel gain and noise figure distortion for 1.48- and 0.98-μm pumped EDFAs. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 1998;10:1721–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/68.730481.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Jung, Y, Alam, SU, Li, Z, Dhar, A, Giles, D, Giles, IP, et al.. First demonstration and detailed characterization of a multimode amplifier for space division multiplexed transmission systems. Opt Express 2011;19:B952–7. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.00b952.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Krummrich, PM. Spatial multiplexing for high capacity transport. Opt Fiber Technol 2011;17:480–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2011.07.001.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Nykolak, G, Kramer, SA, Simpson, JR, DiGiovanni, DJ, Giles, CR, Presby, HM. An erbium-doped multimode optical fiber amplifier. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 1991;1:1079–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/68.118007.Suche in Google Scholar
23. Fazea, Y, Mezhuyev, V. Selective mode excitation techniques for mode-division multiplexing: a critical review. Opt Fiber Technol 2018;45:280–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2018.08.004.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Trichili, A, Park, KH, Zghal, M, Ooi, BS, Alouini, MS. Communicating using spatial mode multiplexing: potentials, challenges, and perspectives. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 2019;21:3175–203. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2019.2915981.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Chan, ACO, Premaratne, M. Dispersion-compensating fiber Raman amplifiers with step, parabolic, and triangular refractive index profiles. J Lightwave Technol 2007;25:1190–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2007.893033.Suche in Google Scholar
26. Seraji, FE, Kiaee, R. A revisit of refractive index profiles design for reduction of positive dispersion, splice loss, and enhancement of negative dispersion in optical transmission lines. Int J Opt Appl 2014;4:62–7.Suche in Google Scholar
27. Zhang, H, Bigot-Astruc, M, Bigot, L, Sillard, P, Fatome, J. Multiple modal and wavelength conversion process of a 10-Gbit/s signal in a 6-LP-mode fiber. Opt Express 2019;27:15413–25. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.015413.Suche in Google Scholar
28. Mercy, KR, Sivanantharaja, A. Numerical design and analysis of multimode fiber with high bend tolerance and bandwidth using refractive index optimization. Opt Fiber Technol 2013;19:587–92.10.1016/j.yofte.2013.09.004Suche in Google Scholar
29. Gaur, A, Kumar, G, Rastogi, V. Dual-core few mode EDFA for amplification of 20 modes. Opt Quantum Electron 2018;50:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1322-6.Suche in Google Scholar
30. Herbster, AF, Romero, MA. EDFA design and analysis for WDM optical systems based on modal multiplexing. J Microwaves Optoelectron Electromagn Appl 2017;16:194–207. https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742017v16i1882.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Le Cocq, G, Bigot, L, Le Rouge, A, Bigot-Astruc, M, Sillard, P, Koebele, C, et al.. Modeling and characterization of a few-mode EDFA supporting four mode groups for mode division multiplexing. Opt Express 2012;20:27051–61. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.027051.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
32. Jung, Y, Kang, Q, May-Smith, TC, Wong, NHL, Standish, R, Richardson, DJ, et al.. Cladding pumped few-mode EDFA for mode division multiplexed transmission. Opt Express 2014;22:29008–13. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.029008.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
33. Ono, H, Hosokawa, T, Ichii, K, Matsuo, S, Yamada, M. Improvement of differential modal gain in few-mode fibre amplifier by employing ring-core erbium-doped fibre. Electron Lett 2015;51:172–3. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2014.3411.Suche in Google Scholar
34. Arunachalam, M, Raju, S. Power efficient space division multiplexing–wavelength division multiplexing system using multimode EDFA with elevated refractive index profile. Int J Commun Syst 2022;35:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5065.Suche in Google Scholar
35. Berdague, S, Facq, P. Mode division multiplexing in optical fibers. Appl Opt 1982;21:1950–5. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.21.001950.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
36. Shah, AR, Hsu, RCJ, Tarighat, A, Sayed, AH, Jalali, B. Coherent optical MIMO (COMIMO). J Lightwave Technol 2005;23:2410–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.850787.Suche in Google Scholar
37. Winzer, PJ, Foschini, CJ. MIMO capacities and outage probabilities in spatially multiplexed optical transport systems. Opt Express 2011;19:16680–96. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.016680.Suche in Google Scholar
38. Gopalan, A, Arulmozhi, AK, Pandian, MM, Mohanadoss, P, Dorairajan, N, Balaji, M, et al.. Performance parameters estimation of high speed silicon/germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system. J Opt Commun 2024;45:33–45.10.1515/joc-2024-0099Suche in Google Scholar
39. Thornburg, WQ, Corrado, BJ, Zhu, XD. Selective launching of higher-order modes into an optical fiber with an optical phase shifter. Opt Lett 1994;19:454–6. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000454.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
40. Mohammed, W, Pitchumani, M, Mehta, A, Johnson, EG. Selective excitation of the LP mode in 11 step index fiber using a phase mask. Opt Eng 2006;45:074–602.10.1117/1.2219425Suche in Google Scholar
41. Sierra, A, Randel, S, Winzer, PJ, Ryf, R, Gnauck, AH, Essiambre, R-J. On the use of delay decorrelated I/Q test sequences for QPSK and QAM signals. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 2012;24:1000–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2192423.Suche in Google Scholar
42. Mishra, A, Mohan Shrivastava, S, Sharma, P, Agrawal, P, Parganiha, R. Space-division multiplexed transmission over few-mode fiber based on coherent MIMO digital signal processing: a review. i-managers J Digital Signal Process 2015;3:1–13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jdp.3.4.3709.Suche in Google Scholar
43. Liang, X, Li, WL, Wood, WA, Downie, JD, Hurley, JE, Ng’oma, A. Transmission of wireless signals using space division multiplexing in few mode fibers. Opt Express 2018;26:20507–18. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.020507.Suche in Google Scholar
44. Govindaraj, R, Ferlin Deva, S, Vanitha, L, Prabhu, C, Vivek, C, Parimala, A, et al.. Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system. J Opt Commun 2024;45:133–46.Suche in Google Scholar
45. Liu, J, Zhu, G, Zhang, J, Wen, Y, Wu, X, Zhang, Y, et al.. Mode division multiplexing based on ring core optical fibers. IEEE J Quantum Electron 2018;54:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2018.2864561.Suche in Google Scholar
46. Gopalan, A, Thillaigovindan, A, Mohan Patnala, P, Mary Lesley, H, Sundaram, M, Srinivasan, V, et al.. High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach. J Opt Commun 2024;45:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0130.Suche in Google Scholar
47. Miyamoto, Y, Shibahara, K, Mizuno, T, Kobayashi, T. Mode-division multiplexing systems for high-capacity optical transport network. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 2019;45:1–3.10.1364/OFC.2019.M2I.3Suche in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
