Reflected intensity noise for laser diode to upside down tapered parabolic microlens on the circular core graded index fiber
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Mithun Maity
Abstract
The coupling reliability of laser-to-fiber coupling has become a significant concern in optical communication technologies. However, it appears that different categories of misalignment degrade the coupling efficiency (CE) when it comes to fiber-to-lens coupling. Unexpected noise gets generated by the lateral asymmetry because of back-reflection from the fiber endpoint to the laser diode (LD). In this article, we present an easily understood theoretical approach for determining the reflected intensity noise (RIN) when an LD is coupled to a graded index fiber (GIF) with an upside-down tapering parabolic microlens (UDTPML) on the fiber tip. We exhibit the RIN values concerning probable lateral alignment errors. The pertinent ABCD matrix has been applied to derive the relevant CE in the context of lateral misalignment. The findings will provide significant guidance for minimizing such noise in optical fiber couplers, leading to more efficient and reliable optical technology. Further, the study not only meets the current demands of high-speed data transmission but also paves the way for future advancements in optical technology.
Acknowledgment
The authors are indebted to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions.
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Research ethics: Research ethics are followed throughout the manuscript.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: MATLAB has generated the data, which can be obtained at the request of the corresponding author.
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