Performance analysis of a hybrid DWDM-FSO system for 6G
-
Hanane Djellab
,
Oumaima Allaoua
,
Fouzia Mammri
Abstract
The increasing demand for higher bandwidth and reliable communication networks driven by next-generation mobile technologies (5G/6G) and the Internet of Things (IoT) poses challenges for existing communication infrastructures. Free Space Optics (FSO) offers high-speed wireless data transmission comparable to fiber optics but suffers from significant performance degradation due to environmental factors such as rain, fog, and atmospheric turbulence. This study investigates the potential of a hybrid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)-FSO system to overcome these challenges. By combining DWDM’s high capacity with the flexibility of FSO links, the system achieves a data rate of 5.4 Tbps across 90 users. Simulations conducted using OptiSystem software evaluate the impact of different weather conditions – clear skies, heavy rain, and dense fog – on performance. Key metrics, including bit error rate (BER), quality factor (Q-factor), and eye diagrams, are analyzed to assess signal integrity and reliability. A comparative study of Single Input Single Output (SISO) and MIMO configurations (2 × 2 and 3 × 3) shows that the 3 × 3 MIMO-FSO setup significantly enhances performance, maintaining signal quality and extending range under adverse weather. These findings highlight the hybrid DWDM-FSO system’s potential to deliver high-speed, resilient communication, ensuring seamless connectivity in dynamic environments.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for their valuable and helpful comments. The authors thank the staff of LAMIS laboratory for helpful comments and suggestions.
-
Research ethics: This study adheres to ethical guidelines, ensuring informed consent from all participants and the responsible use of AI and machine learning tools. All research was conducted in compliance with relevant legal and ethical standards.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: Oumaima Allaoua: original draft preparation. Hanene Djellab: paper revision and validation. Fouzia Mammri: reviewing and editing. Saidi Riad: software. Abdelhakim Sahour: methodology. Farouk Boumehrez: conceptualization.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Ramaswami, R, Sivarajan, K, Sasaki, G. Optical networks: a practical perspective, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann; 2010.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Henniger, H, Wilfert, O. An introduction to free-space optical communications. Radioengineering;19:203–12.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Kaushal, H, Kaddoum, G. Optical communication in space: challenges and mitigation techniques. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 2017;19:57–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2016.2603518.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Malik, A, Singh, P. Free space optics: current applications and future challenges. Int J Opt 2015;2015:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/945483.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Yang, P, Xiao, Y, Xiao, M, Li, S. 6G Wireless communications: vision and potential techniques. IEEE Netw 2019;33:70–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2019.1800418.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Hamza, AS, Deogun, JS, Alexander, DR. Classification framework for free space optical communication links and systems. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 2018;21:1346–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2018.2876805.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Majumdar, AK, Ghassemlooy, Z, Bazil Raj, AA. Principles and applications of free space optical communications. London, U.K: The Institution of Engineering and Technology; 2019, 78.10.1049/PBTE078ESuche in Google Scholar
8. Sadiku, MN, Musa, SM, Nelatury, SR. Free space optical communications: an overview. Eur Sci J 2016;12:55–68. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n9p55.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Htay, Z, Mohan, N, Abadi, MM, Ghassemlooy, Z, Burton, A, Zvanovec, S, “Implementation and evaluation of a 10 Gbps real-time FSO link,” in Proc. 2020 3rd West Asian Symp. Opt. Millimeter-wave Wireless Commun. (WASOWC), Tehran, Iran, Nov. 2020, pp. 1–7.10.1109/WASOWC49739.2020.9410045Suche in Google Scholar
10. Agrawal, GP. Fiber-optic communication systems, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley; 2010.10.1002/9780470918524Suche in Google Scholar
11. Singh, M, Malhotra, J, Atieh, A, El-Khozondar, HJ, Dhasarathan, V. Performance investigation of 1.6 Tbps hybrid WDM-PDM-OFDM-based free space optics transmission link. Wireless Pers Commun 2021;117:2285–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07972-1.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Wavelength Division Multiplexers. MEETOPTICS Academy. Available from: https://www.meetoptics.com/academy/wavelength-division-multiplexers [Accessed 06 Oct 2024].Suche in Google Scholar
13. Hadji-Germi, A. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). In: Kaminow, CI, Li, T, Willner, AE, editors. Optical Fiber Telecommunications. New York: Academic Press; 2013, vol VII:529–52 pp.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Singh, M, Pottoo, SN, Suvidhi, Soi, V, Grover, A, Aly, MH. A high-speed radio over free space optics transmission link under dust environment conditions employing hybrid wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing. Wireless Netw 2021;27:4875–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02774-0.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Djellab, H, Bouarfa, A, Bojanic, S. Performance evaluation of system in free space optic utilizing Gaussian optical filter in different detection scheme. J Opt Commun 2019;40:457–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0032.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Hayal, MR, Yousif, BB, Azim, MA. Performance enhancement of DWDM-FSO optical fiber communication systems based on hybrid modulation techniques under atmospheric turbulence channel. Photonics 2021;8:464. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics/8110464.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Almetwali, AS, Bayat, O, Abdulwahid, MM, Mohamadwasel, NB. Design and analysis of 50 channel by 40 Gbps DWDM RoF system for 5G communication based on Fronthaul scenario. Proc Third Doctoral Symposium Comput Intell. Published in AIP Conference Proceedings 2023 Engineering, Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0121879.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
