All-Optical XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR Logic Gates Based on Photonic Crystal 3-DB Coupler for BPSK Signals
-
Afsaneh Heydari
and
Abbas Mahmoodi
Abstract
We propose a very compact structure for all-optical XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR logic gates based on photonic crystal 3-dB coupler in binary-phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) signals. The square lattice of dielectric rods in SiO2 background has been considered for photonic crystal structure. The photonic band gap (PBG) and light propagation simulations of proposed logic structure have been accomplished by plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods. The proposed structure can achieve logical function when the refractive index of all rods and substrate is fabricated with relaxed error tolerance within −0.005 to 0.005 from designed parameters. The proposed logic functions may potentially be used as key components in all-optical information networks for processing the BPSK signals.
References
1. Salmanpour A, Mohammadnejad S, Bahrami A. Photonic crystal logic gates: an overview. Opt Quant Electron. 2015;47:2249–75.10.1007/s11082-014-0102-1Search in Google Scholar
2. Qiu M, Mulot M, Swillo M, Anand S, Jaskorzynska B, Karlsson A. Photonic crystal optical filter based on contra-directional waveguide coupling. Appl Phys Lett. 2003;83:5121–3.10.1063/1.1634373Search in Google Scholar
3. Fekete L, Kadlec F, Kužel P, Němec H. Ultrafast opto-terahertz photonic crystal modulator. Opt lett. 2007;32:680–2.10.1364/OL.32.000680Search in Google Scholar
4. Gu L, Jiang W, Chen X, Wang L, Chen RT. High speed silicon photonic crystal waveguide modulator for low voltage operation. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;90:071105.10.1063/1.2475580Search in Google Scholar
5. Jiang Y, Jiang W, Gu L, Chen X, Chen RT. 80-micron interaction length silicon photonic crystal waveguide modulator. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;87:221105.10.1109/AOE.2006.307344Search in Google Scholar
6. Beggs DM, White T, Cairns L, O’Faolain L, Krauss TF. Demonstration of an integrated optical switch in a silicon photonic crystal directional coupler. Phys E. 2009;41:1111–14.10.1016/j.physe.2008.08.034Search in Google Scholar
7. Inoue K, Sugimoto Y, Ikeda N, Tanaka Y, Asakawa K, Sasaki H. Ultra-small photonic-crystal-waveguide-based Y-splitters useful in the near-infrared wavelength region. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2004;43:L446.10.1143/JJAP.43.L446Search in Google Scholar
8. Lin S, Chow E, Bur J, Johnson S, Joannopoulos J. Low-loss, wide-angle Y splitter at ∼1.6-µm wavelengths built with a two-dimensional photonic crystal. Opt Lett. 2002;27:1400–2.10.1364/OL.27.001400Search in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Takeda H, Yoshino K. Tunable light propagation in Y-shaped waveguides in two-dimensional photonic crystals utilizing liquid crystals as linear defects. Phys Rev B. 2003;67:073106.10.1103/PhysRevB.67.073106Search in Google Scholar
10. Mohammadnejad S, Chaykandi ZF, Bahrami A. MMI-based simultaneous all-optical XOR–NAND–OR and XNOR–NOT multilogic gate for phase-based signals. IEEE J Quantum Electr. 2014;50:1–5.10.1109/JQE.2014.2365736Search in Google Scholar
11. Tang C, Dou X, Lin Y, Yin H, Wu B, Zhao Q. Design of all-optical logic gates avoiding external phase shifters in a two-dimensional photonic crystal based on multi-mode interference for BPSK signals. Opt Commun. 2014;316:49–55.10.1016/j.optcom.2013.11.053Search in Google Scholar
12. Wu YD, Zou TH, Lee JJ, Shih TT The all-optical logic gates based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal waveguides. 2012 Session 3A9:613.Search in Google Scholar
13. Liu W, Yang D, Shen G, Tian H, Ji Y. Design of ultra-compact all-optical XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR gates using photonic crystal multi-mode interference waveguides. Opt Laser Technol. 2013;50:55–64.10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.12.030Search in Google Scholar
14. IshizakaY, KawaguchiY, SaitohK, KoshibaM. Design of optical XOR, XNOR, NAND, and OR logic gates based on multi-mode interference waveguides for binary-phase-shift-keyed signal. J Lightwave Technol. 2011;29:2836–46.10.1109/JLT.2011.2160712Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Analysis of Four Wave Mixing In Ultra Dense WDM-Hybrid Optical Amplifier Systems
- Detectors
- BER of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems with SIMO Detection over Strong Oceanic Turbulence
- Devices
- All-Optical XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR Logic Gates Based on Photonic Crystal 3-DB Coupler for BPSK Signals
- Transmittivity/Reflectivity, Bandwidth, and Ripple Factor Level Measurement for Different Refractive Index Fiber Grating Shape Profiles
- Bit Error Rate Analysis of Hybrid Buffer-Based Switch for Optical Data Centers
- Modulators
- High-Quality Optical Frequency Comb Generation-Based on Polarization Modulator with RF Frequency Multiplication Circuit and Intensity Modulator
- Networks
- Performance Enhancement in Colorless WDM–PON Using SSB-SC
- Lightbeam Configuration Method and Interference Elimination Resource Scheduling for Indoor Multibeam VLC Networks
- An Integrated High-Speed Full Duplex Coherent OFDM-PON and Visible-Light Communication System
- Resource Efficient Online Routing Enabled Translucent Space Division Multiplexing Based Elastic Optical Networks
- Comparative Analysis of High Speed 20/20 Gbps OTDM-PON, WDM-PON and TWDM-PON for Long-Reach NG-PON2
- Systems
- Directional Beam Based LED Deployment for a Short Range Indoor LED Light Communication System
- Secure Optical QAM Transmission Using Chaos Message Masking
- Performance Analysis of Duobinary and AMI Techniques Using LG Modes in Hybrid MDM-WDM-FSO Transmission System
- Performance Analysis of Single Side Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Radio over Fiber System with Direct and External Modulation Schemes
- Performance Analysis of FSK-PPM Technique in Visible-Light Communication Systems
- Experimental Demonstration of MASH Based Sigma Delta Radio over Fiber System for 5G C-RAN Downlink
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Analysis of Four Wave Mixing In Ultra Dense WDM-Hybrid Optical Amplifier Systems
- Detectors
- BER of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems with SIMO Detection over Strong Oceanic Turbulence
- Devices
- All-Optical XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR Logic Gates Based on Photonic Crystal 3-DB Coupler for BPSK Signals
- Transmittivity/Reflectivity, Bandwidth, and Ripple Factor Level Measurement for Different Refractive Index Fiber Grating Shape Profiles
- Bit Error Rate Analysis of Hybrid Buffer-Based Switch for Optical Data Centers
- Modulators
- High-Quality Optical Frequency Comb Generation-Based on Polarization Modulator with RF Frequency Multiplication Circuit and Intensity Modulator
- Networks
- Performance Enhancement in Colorless WDM–PON Using SSB-SC
- Lightbeam Configuration Method and Interference Elimination Resource Scheduling for Indoor Multibeam VLC Networks
- An Integrated High-Speed Full Duplex Coherent OFDM-PON and Visible-Light Communication System
- Resource Efficient Online Routing Enabled Translucent Space Division Multiplexing Based Elastic Optical Networks
- Comparative Analysis of High Speed 20/20 Gbps OTDM-PON, WDM-PON and TWDM-PON for Long-Reach NG-PON2
- Systems
- Directional Beam Based LED Deployment for a Short Range Indoor LED Light Communication System
- Secure Optical QAM Transmission Using Chaos Message Masking
- Performance Analysis of Duobinary and AMI Techniques Using LG Modes in Hybrid MDM-WDM-FSO Transmission System
- Performance Analysis of Single Side Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Radio over Fiber System with Direct and External Modulation Schemes
- Performance Analysis of FSK-PPM Technique in Visible-Light Communication Systems
- Experimental Demonstration of MASH Based Sigma Delta Radio over Fiber System for 5G C-RAN Downlink
