Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based Optical Digital Magnitude Comparator and 1’s Complement Calculator
-
Ajay Kumar
Abstract
The optical switching activity is one of the most essential phenomena in the optical domain. The electro-optic effect-based switching phenomena are applicable to generate some effective combinational and sequential logic circuits. The processing of digital computational technique in the optical domain includes some considerable advantages of optical communication technology, e.g. immunity to electro-magnetic interferences, compact size, signal security, parallel computing and larger bandwidth. The paper describes some efficient technique to implement single bit magnitude comparator and 1’s complement calculator using the concepts of electro-optic effect. The proposed techniques are simulated on the MATLAB software. However, the suitability of the techniques is verified using the highly reliable Opti-BPM software. It is interesting to analyze the circuits in order to specify some optimized device parameter in order to optimize some performance affecting parameters, e.g. crosstalk, extinction ratio, signal losses through the curved and straight waveguide sections.
Funding statement: Funding: This work is supported by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) (2014–2016) sponsored project No. ISRO/RES/4/617/2014-15 dated 01-09-2014 entitled “Photonic Microwave Arbitrary Waveform Generation with Adjustable Chirp Parameter based on Remote Sensing Applications” under taken by Dr. S. K. Raghuwanshi which is funded by ISRO Ahmedabad.
Acknowledgment
Authors would like to acknowledge ISRO for financial support to conduct the present research work and grateful to Optiwave Corporation, Canada for OptiBPM 11.0 software.
References
1. Dimitriadou E, Zoiros KE. On the design of ultrafast all-optical NOT gate using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt Laser Technol April 2012;44:600–7.10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.08.028Search in Google Scholar
2. Ishizaka Y, Kawaguchi Y, Saitoh K, Koshiba M. Design of ultra compact all-optical XOR and AND logic gates with low power consumption. Opt Comm July 2011;284:3528–33.10.1016/j.optcom.2011.03.069Search in Google Scholar
3. Wang J, Sun J, Sun Q. Single-PPLN-based simultaneous half-adder, half-subtractor and OR logic gate: proposal and simulation. Opt Exp Feb 2007;15:1690–9.10.1364/OE.15.001690Search in Google Scholar
4. Dimitriadou E, Zoiros KE. On the feasibility of ultra-fast all-optical NAND gate using single quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt Laser Technol Sep 2012;44:1971–81.10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.02.022Search in Google Scholar
5. Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wang L, Wang J, Ye P. Design and analysis of all-optical XOR gate using SOA-based Mach-Zehnder. Opt Comm Aug 2003;223:301–8.10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01692-4Search in Google Scholar
6. Sun H, Wang Q, Dong H, Dutta NK. XOR performance of a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt Exp Mar 2005;13:1892–9.10.1364/OPEX.13.001892Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Dimitriadou E, Zoiros KE. Proposal for all-optical NOR gate using single quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier. Opt Comm Apr 2012;285:1710–16.10.1016/j.optcom.2011.11.122Search in Google Scholar
8. Han H, Zhang M, Ye P, Zhang F. Parameter design and performance analysis of a ultrafast all-optical XOR gate based on quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers in nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt Comm Oct 2008;281:5140–5.10.1016/j.optcom.2008.07.020Search in Google Scholar
9. Kotb A, Zoiros KE. Performance of all-optical XOR gate based on two- photon absorption in semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer with effect of amplified spontaneous emission. Opt Quant Electron Oct 2014;46:935–44.10.1007/s11082-013-9807-9Search in Google Scholar
10. Houbavlis T, Zoiros KE, Kanellos G, Tsekrekos C. Performance analysis of ultrafast all-optical Boolean XOR gate using semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt Comm Jan 2004;232:179–99.10.1016/j.optcom.2003.12.062Search in Google Scholar
11. Dimitriadou E, Zoiros KE. On the feasibility of 320 gb/s all-optical AND gate using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Prog Electromagn Res B Apr 2013;50:113–40.10.2528/PIERB13013108Search in Google Scholar
12. Poustie AJ, Blow KJ, Kelly AE, Manning RJ. All-optical full adder with bit-differential delay. Opt Comm Sep 1999;168:89–93.10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00348-XSearch in Google Scholar
13. Kumar A, Kumar S, Raghuwanshi SK. Implementation of full-adder and full-subtractor based on electro-optic effect in Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Opt Comm Mar 2014;324:93–107.10.1016/j.optcom.2014.03.045Search in Google Scholar
14. Kim SH, Kim JH, Choi JW, Son CW, Byun YT, Jhon YM, et al. All-optical half adder using cross gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Opt Exp Oct 2006;14:10693–8.10.1117/12.699664Search in Google Scholar
15. Ma S, Sun H, Chen Z, Dutta NK. High speed all-optical PRBS generation based on quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. Opt Exp Oct 2009;17:18469–77.10.1364/OE.17.018469Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Dimitriadou E, Zoiros KE, Roy JN, Chattopadhyay T. Design of ultrafast all-optical 4-bit parity generator using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. J Comput Electron Sep 2013;12:481–9.10.1007/s10825-013-0463-xSearch in Google Scholar
17. Dong J, Fu S, Zhang X, Shum P, Zhang L, Xu J, et al. Single SOA based all-optical adder assisted by optical band-pass filter theoretical analysis and performance optimization. Opt Comm Feb 2007;270:238–46.10.1016/j.optcom.2006.09.053Search in Google Scholar
18. Raghuwanshi SK, Kumar A, Kumar S. 1 × 4 Signal router using three Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Opt Eng Mar 2013;52:035002(1)–035002(9).10.1117/1.OE.52.3.035002Search in Google Scholar
19. Kumar S, Raghuwanshi SK, Kumar A. Implementation of optical switches using Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt Eng Sep 2013;52:097106(1)–097106(9).10.1117/1.OE.52.9.097106Search in Google Scholar
20. Zoiros KE, Das MK, Gayen DK, Maity HK, Chattopadhyay T, Roy JN. All-optical pseudorandom binary sequence generator with TOAD-based D flip-flops. Opt Comm May 2011;284:4297–306.10.1016/j.optcom.2011.05.007Search in Google Scholar
21. Zoiros KE, Houbavlis T, Kalyvas M. Ultra-high speed all-optical shift registers and their applications in OTDM networks. Opt Quant Electron Sep 2004;36:1005–53.10.1007/s11082-004-2040-9Search in Google Scholar
22. Raghuwanshi SK, Kumar A, Chen NK. Implementation of sequential logic circuits using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure based on electro-optic effect. Opt Comm Aug 2014;333:193–208.10.1016/j.optcom.2014.07.066Search in Google Scholar
23. Kumar A, Kumar S, Raghuwanshi SK. Implementation of XOR/XNOR and AND logic gates by using Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Optik May 2014;125:5764–7.10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.07.037Search in Google Scholar
24. Kumar A, Raghuwanshi SK. Implementation of optical gray code converter and even parity checker using the electro-optic effect in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Published in Opt Quant Electron. DOI 10.1007/s11082-014-0087–9.10.1007/s11082-014-0087-9Search in Google Scholar
25. Singh G, Janyani V, Yadav RP. Modeling of a high performance Mach-Zehnder interferometer all optical switch. Optica Applicata 2012;42:613–25.Search in Google Scholar
26. Li GL, Yu PKL. Optical intensity modulators for digital and analog applications. J Lightwave Technol 2003;21:2010–30.10.1109/JLT.2003.815654Search in Google Scholar
©2016 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Devices
- The Design of Vibration Sensing System Used for the Internet of Things
- All-Optical NAND Gate Based on Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators
- Misalignment Consideration in Laser Diode to Circular Core Single-Mode Dispersion-Shifted/Dispersion-Flattened Fiber Excitation via Hemispherical Microlens on the Tip of the Fiber
- Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based Optical Digital Magnitude Comparator and 1’s Complement Calculator
- Transmission of Duobinary Signal in Optical 40 GHz Millimeter-Wave Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Utilizing Dual-Arm LiNbO3 Mach–Zehnder Modulator for Downstream
- An Optical Packet Switch with Recirculation Limited Range Wavelength Converter Groups and Recirculation Optical Buffers
- Fibers
- Simplified Loss Estimation of Splice to Photonic Crystal Fiber using New Model
- Lasers
- Bifurcation, Locking and Quasi-Period Synchronization in a Round-Coupling Laser System
- Mesurement
- Accurate Fiber Length Measurement Using Time-of-Flight Technique
- Networks
- Comparative Study of Triple-Clad Dispersion-Shifted, Dispersion-Flattened and Dispersion-Compensated Fiber for Broadband Optical Network Application
- Impairments Computation for Routing Purposes in a Transparent-Access Optical Network Based on Optical CDMA and WDM
- Design of an All-Optical Network Based on LCoS Technologies
- Systems
- Construction and Analysis of Novel 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes Based on Extended Quadratic Congruence Codes and Modified One-Coincidence Sequence
- Successive Interference Cancellation for DS-Optical PPM-CDMA Systems
- Theory
- Performance Analysis of Different Modulation Formats in Optical Communication
- Analysis of the Performance of a PAM/PPM/OOK System Operating with OCDMA, under Nonlinear Optical Effects in Optical Fiber Propagation
- Performance Analysis of Hybrid PON (WDM-TDM) with Equal and Unequal Channel Spacing
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Devices
- The Design of Vibration Sensing System Used for the Internet of Things
- All-Optical NAND Gate Based on Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators
- Misalignment Consideration in Laser Diode to Circular Core Single-Mode Dispersion-Shifted/Dispersion-Flattened Fiber Excitation via Hemispherical Microlens on the Tip of the Fiber
- Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based Optical Digital Magnitude Comparator and 1’s Complement Calculator
- Transmission of Duobinary Signal in Optical 40 GHz Millimeter-Wave Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Utilizing Dual-Arm LiNbO3 Mach–Zehnder Modulator for Downstream
- An Optical Packet Switch with Recirculation Limited Range Wavelength Converter Groups and Recirculation Optical Buffers
- Fibers
- Simplified Loss Estimation of Splice to Photonic Crystal Fiber using New Model
- Lasers
- Bifurcation, Locking and Quasi-Period Synchronization in a Round-Coupling Laser System
- Mesurement
- Accurate Fiber Length Measurement Using Time-of-Flight Technique
- Networks
- Comparative Study of Triple-Clad Dispersion-Shifted, Dispersion-Flattened and Dispersion-Compensated Fiber for Broadband Optical Network Application
- Impairments Computation for Routing Purposes in a Transparent-Access Optical Network Based on Optical CDMA and WDM
- Design of an All-Optical Network Based on LCoS Technologies
- Systems
- Construction and Analysis of Novel 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes Based on Extended Quadratic Congruence Codes and Modified One-Coincidence Sequence
- Successive Interference Cancellation for DS-Optical PPM-CDMA Systems
- Theory
- Performance Analysis of Different Modulation Formats in Optical Communication
- Analysis of the Performance of a PAM/PPM/OOK System Operating with OCDMA, under Nonlinear Optical Effects in Optical Fiber Propagation
- Performance Analysis of Hybrid PON (WDM-TDM) with Equal and Unequal Channel Spacing
