Startseite Technik Anisotropic turbulent flow of water through converging wavy-aluminum-circular pipe with five half-cycles: insight into the significance of four-branch minor-inlet angle
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Anisotropic turbulent flow of water through converging wavy-aluminum-circular pipe with five half-cycles: insight into the significance of four-branch minor-inlet angle

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Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
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Abstract

Accurately predicting turbulent water flow in duct systems remains a challenging problem, particularly when anisotropic turbulence effects are significant. Bridging the gap between industrial applications and academic research requires a deeper understanding of such complex flows. This study investigates a less commonly analyzed configuration involving a horizontal aluminum duct transitioning into a converging wavy duct. The wavy section consists of 2.5 full sinusoidal periods, ending in a reduced outlet diameter. In addition, the effect of incorporating four minor/secondary inlets, arranged as branches at different angles, was examined and presented herein. Aluminum was selected for its low density and corrosion resistance, which are beneficial in experimental and industrial setups. Initially, the duct was analyzed in an unbranched configuration. The study then progressed to include the four secondary/minor branch inlets at various angles. The simulation results were validated by comparison with a solution for a simple flow in a 70 mm duct. Additional verification was provided by employing other CFD codes, along with grid convergence index and mesh sensitivity analyses, improving the confidence in the simulation results. Branch angles influences turbulence intensity depending on flow conditions and angle magnitude. Sharper branch angles are particularly effective, inducing greater turbulence at the converged outlet. Higher inlet temperatures and velocities lead to increased Reynolds stress due to enhanced energy transfer and elevated turbulent kinetic energy. Specifically, an increase in inlet velocity at a 45° branch angle further augments turbulent momentum transfer, resulting in more controlled mixing along the duct.

Keywords: turbulent water flow; anisotropic; converging wavy duct; Reynolds stress modeling; 4-minor duct junction
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 80Axx; 76–10; 35Qxx; 80Mxx; 76Fxx
Corresponding author: Isaac Lare Animasaun, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Fluid Dynamics and Survey Research Group, Federal University of Technology, Akure, PMB 704, Nigeria; Physical Sciences, Engineering, and Technology Working Group, Nigerian Young Academy, Lagos, Nigeria; and National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, PMB 15551, United Arab Emirates, E-mail:

Isaac Lare Animasaun these contributed equally to the work.

Acknowledgments

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, KSA for funding this work through Small Groups Project under grant number RGP.1/281/44.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2025-04-30
Accepted: 2025-06-16
Published Online: 2025-07-01
Published in Print: 2025-10-27

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Research Articles
  3. Numerical and optimization analysis of natural convection and entropy-generation in wavy triangular cavity with Casson fluid under magnetohydrodynamics and radiation
  4. Anisotropic turbulent flow of water through converging wavy-aluminum-circular pipe with five half-cycles: insight into the significance of four-branch minor-inlet angle
  5. A Hydrogen-fueled hybrid system based on HT-PEMFCs for simultaneous electrical power generation and high-value heat storage
  6. Optimization of two-cold one-hot reservoir low-dissipation heat engines
  7. Numerical and experimental heat transfer analysis of two-phase flow through microchannel for development of heat dissipation correlation
  8. Applying irreversible thermodynamics to the paradigmatic secondary transporter: lactose permease (LacY)
  9. Single-, two-, three-, and four-objective optimizations for an irreversible vacuum thermionic generator via finite-time thermodynamics, NSGA-II and three decision-making techniques
  10. A variational principle for extended irreversible thermodynamics: heat conducting viscous fluids
  11. Heat transfer analysis of plate versus pin fin heat sinks with GnP-MWCNT/water hybrid nanofluid
  12. The internal energy as a function of state parameters in steady and unsteady Poiseuille flows
https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0046
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
turbulent water flow; anisotropic; converging wavy duct; Reynolds stress modeling; 4-minor duct junction

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Research Articles
  3. Numerical and optimization analysis of natural convection and entropy-generation in wavy triangular cavity with Casson fluid under magnetohydrodynamics and radiation
  4. Anisotropic turbulent flow of water through converging wavy-aluminum-circular pipe with five half-cycles: insight into the significance of four-branch minor-inlet angle
  5. A Hydrogen-fueled hybrid system based on HT-PEMFCs for simultaneous electrical power generation and high-value heat storage
  6. Optimization of two-cold one-hot reservoir low-dissipation heat engines
  7. Numerical and experimental heat transfer analysis of two-phase flow through microchannel for development of heat dissipation correlation
  8. Applying irreversible thermodynamics to the paradigmatic secondary transporter: lactose permease (LacY)
  9. Single-, two-, three-, and four-objective optimizations for an irreversible vacuum thermionic generator via finite-time thermodynamics, NSGA-II and three decision-making techniques
  10. A variational principle for extended irreversible thermodynamics: heat conducting viscous fluids
  11. Heat transfer analysis of plate versus pin fin heat sinks with GnP-MWCNT/water hybrid nanofluid
  12. The internal energy as a function of state parameters in steady and unsteady Poiseuille flows
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