Abstract
French and Latin used to be the two main languages of record in the Merchant Taylors, as well as other London livery companies, as late as the fifteenth century, at least. From the fourteenth century onwards, English was becoming more and more present in this guild’s business accounts, until it replaced both Romance languages as their new official medium of written communication. Seen the inconsistent dates of adoption of English in the Merchant Taylors’ Master and Wardens’ Accounts suggested in the literature, this article applies two different approaches to language shift in the late medieval period in order to analyse and illustrate when exactly the whole Company is supposed to have substituted French and Latin for English forever. As the search of that permanent and communal shift leads to the necessary consultation of financial manuscripts kept as late as the seventeenth century, it is concluded that the construction of a unitary framework for the study of the different language shifts in the London livery companies at different periods would yield more comprehensive results.
Appendix
List of Merchant Taylors’ Company’s extant account books and missing years.
| Item number | Reference code | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/001 | 1398–1445 |
| [1445–1453] | ||
| 2 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/002 | 1453–1469 |
| 3 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/003 | 1469–1478 [1478–1479], 1479–1484 |
| [1484–1545] | ||
| 4 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/004 | 1545–1557 |
| [1557–1569] | ||
| 5 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/005 | 1569–1581 |
| 6 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/006 | 1581–1592 |
| 7 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/007 | 1592–1601 |
| 8 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/008 | 1601–1604 |
| 9 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/009 | 1604–1609 |
| 10 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/010 | 1609–1613 |
| 11 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/011 | 1613–1617 |
| 12 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/012 | 1617–1623 |
| 13 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/013 | 1623–1625 |
| 14 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/014 | 1625–1629 |
| 15 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/015 | 1629–1633 |
| 16 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/016 | 1633–1637 |
| 17 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/017 | 1637–1641 |
| 18 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/018 | 1641–1644 |
| 19 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/019 | 1644–1648 |
| [1648–1652] | ||
| 20 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/020 | 1652–1660a |
| 21 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/021 | 1656–1660 |
| [1660–1663] | ||
| 22 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/022 | 1663–1666 |
| 23 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/023 | 1666–1669 |
| 24 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/024 | 1669–1672 |
| 25 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/025 | 1672–1675 |
| 26 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/026 | 1675–1682b |
| 27 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/027 | 1678–1682 |
| 28 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/028 | 1682–166c |
| 29 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/029 | 1686–1690 |
| 30 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/030 | 1690–1694 |
| 31 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/031 | 1694–1700 |
| 32 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/032 | 1700–1708 |
| 33 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/033 | 1708–1715 |
| 34 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/034 | 1715–1722 |
| 35 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/035 | 1722–1733 |
| 36 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/036 | 1733–1744 |
| 37 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/037 | 1744–1754 |
| 38 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/038 | 1754–1763 |
| 39 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/039 | 1763–1771 |
| 40 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/040 | 1771–1784 |
| 41 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/041 | 1784–1795 |
| 42 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/042 | 1795–1807 |
| 43 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/043 | 1807–1814 |
| 44 | CLC/L/MD/D/003/MS34048/044 | 1814–1821 |
There seems to be a mistake here; the year 1656 should appear instead.
Another mistake appears; in this case, 1678 seems a better option.
A number 8 is missing in between the two sixes (1686).
Source: London Metropolitan Archives’ website (accessed 27 July 2017).
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Merchant Taylors of London’s shift to business English: New insights on the languages of record in their Master and Wardens’ Accounts
- Persona management and identity projection in English Medieval society: Evidence from John Paston II
- Outlawing orality: Western Yiddish reflexes in German fiction
- The self as a source. A peasant farmer’s letters from prison (1848–1852)
- Sandøy, Helge Agnete Nesse: Norsk språkhistorie I: Mønster [Norwegian language history I: Patterns]
- Edlund, Ann-Catrine T. G. Ashplant Anna Kuismin: Reading and Writing from Below. Exploring the Margins of Modernity
- Włodarczyk, Matylda: Genre and literacies: Historical (socio)pragmatics of the 1820 settler petition (Seria Filologia Angielska 51)
- Dakin, Karen Claudia Parodi Natalie Operstein: Language Contact and Change in Mesoamerica and Beyond
- Rutten, Gijsbert Kristine Horner: Metalinguistic Perspectives on Germanic Languages: European Case Studies from Past to Present
- Bann, Jennifer John Corbett: Spelling Scots. The Orthography of Literary Scots, 1700–2000