Abstract
Fire as a weapon (FaaW) is discussed within the first responder community but still vaguely defined. This ambiguity, coupled with absent reporting mechanisms, leads to an inability to estimate the size of the problem correctly. This research offers a comprehensive definition of FaaW and argues for its inclusion as a high-threat response. It evaluates fire as a weapon as a homeland security issue requiring additional attention and leadership by offering new data and analysis that demonstrates the severity of the problem, especially compared to other high-threat events such as active shooter incidents. It clarifies which incident types should receive the most focus and argues for strategic shifts in how we currently perceive this threat. It also elucidates the potential to apply established national standards and tactics for active shooter response to fire as a weapon mitigation strategy.
Appendix: List of 2020 U.S. FaaW Incidents.
See Table 1.
Combined data of the Author’s database and the Arlington County high-threat FaaW Database.
Month | Day | Year | Incident | City | State/region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | 19 | 2020 | Stabbing, Shooting and FaaW | Honolulu | Hawaii |
Feb | 19 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | San Antonio | Texas |
Feb | 25 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Waukegan | Illinois |
March | 4 | 2020 | Barricade, shooting, fire alarm activation | Las Vegas | Nevada |
March | 27 | 2020 | Fire as a Weapon in Subway | New York | New York |
March | 29 | 2020 | Domestic Dispute with Faaw | Arlington | Virginia |
March | 30 | 2020 | Suspect Attacks Firefighters During House Fire | East Rockaway | New York |
April | 7 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Kingsport | Tennessee |
April | 10 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Springhill | Florida |
April | 13 | 2020 | Brush Fire Ambush and Shooting | Charleston | West Virginia |
April | 17 | 2020 | Ambush and Shooting at Firefighters | Optima Wildlife Refuge | Oklahoma |
April | 20 | 2020 | FaaW Incident at residence with barricade | Osceola County | Florida |
April | 27 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Chandler | Arizona |
April | 28 | 2020 | Barricade/Murder/Fire | Sweet Home | Oregon |
May | 1 | 2020 | Shooting with House Fire | Detroit | Michigan |
May | 4 | 2020 | House fire with shooting victim | Grant Valley Township | Minnesota |
May | 11 | 2020 | High-Rise Building Fire After a Dispute | Bronx | New York |
May | 12 | 2020 | Standoff with FaaW | Hilltown Township | Pennsylvania |
May | 15 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Aurora | Illinois |
May | 16 | 2020 | Stabbing in Apartment with FaaW | Harlem | New York |
May | 16 | 2020 | Luring, Fire Alarm Activation, and Shooting | Kwethluk | Alaska |
May | 23 | 2020 | Hospital Barricade and FaaW | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania |
May | 26 | 2020 | Protesters in Minneapolis Set Fires | Minneapolis | Minnesota |
May | 30 | 2020 | Probation Office Set on Fire | San Antonio | Texas |
May | 30 | 2020 | Cop car set on fire amid protest | New York | New York |
May | 30 | 2020 | Car/building set on fire during protest | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania |
May | 30 | 2020 | Building Burned During Civil Disturbance | Tampa | Florida |
May | 31 | 2020 | FaaW During Protest | Washington | District of Columbia |
May | 31 | 2020 | Protesters Set Fire; Block Fire Department | Richmond | Virginia |
May | 31 | 2020 | Extremists Charged with Plot to Terrorize Protests | Las Vegas | Nevada |
May | 31 | 2020 | Protesters Overturn Cop Car and Set it on Fire | Salt Lake City | Utah |
June | 1 | 2020 | Backpack with Molotov Cocktails Found Amid Protests | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania |
June | 1 | 2020 | Protest with Molotov Device set fire to business | Louisville | Kentucky |
June | 2 | 2020 | Arson Building Fire with People Trapped During Riot | Richmond | Virginia |
June | 5 | 2020 | House Set on Fire After Mass Shooting | Morgan County | Alabama |
June | 5 | 2020 | IIDs at Protest (Thwarted) | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania |
June | 6 | 2020 | Commercial Fireworks at Protest and Molotov incident | Portland | Oregon |
June | 9 | 2020 | Arson with Stabbing/Barricade | Patterson | New Jersey |
June | 13 | 20202 | Wendy’s Fire with Protest | Atlanta | Georgia |
June | 14 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Hollywood | California |
June | 21 | 2020 | Arson Suspect Assaults Firefighters | Myrtle Beach | South Carolina |
June | 23 | 2020 | Shooting, Arson and Civil Disturbance | Milwaukee | Wisconsin |
June | 24 | 2020 | Standoff with Shooting and FaW | Andover | Minnesota |
July | 4 | 2020 | July Fourth Rally Turns Violent | Portland | Oregon |
July | 5 | 2020 | Crowd Attacks Responders with Fireworks | Jackson | Tennessee |
July | 9 | 2020 | Fire Starts Amid Standoff With Suspect | Fort Worth | Texas |
July | 10 | 2020 | Pharmacy Firebomb Attack Plot Thwarted | Auburn | Nebraska |
July | 11 | 2020 | Vehicle Ramming and FaaW Against Church | Ocala | Florida |
July | 19 | 2020 | IID inside a protest | Seattle | Washington |
July | 20 | 2020 | Portland Courthouse Set on Fire | Portland | Oregon |
July | 21 | 2020 | Portland protest with arson at courthouse | Portland | Oregon |
July | 24 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Baytown | Texas |
July | 25 | 2020 | Courthouse and Police Station Set on Fire | Oakland | California |
July | 28 | 2020 | Arson Suspect Threatens Firefighters with Machete | Douglas County | Oregon |
July | 28 | 2020 | Suicide with House Fire | Wort Wayne | Indiana |
July | 31 | 2020 | Bomb/Fire Threat by Violent Suicidal Suspect | Alexandria | Virginia |
August | 5 | 2020 | House Fire Kills Five Victims | Denver | Colorado |
August | 5 | 2020 | FaaW Against Police Precinct | Portland | Oregon |
August | 9 | 2020 | Set Fire and Fireworks at Protest | Portland | Oregon |
August | 12 | 2020 | Victim Stabbed and Set on Fire Following a Dispute | Bronx | New York |
August | 13 | 2020 | Portland Police Union Office Arson Attempt inside Riot | Portland | Oregon |
August | 16 | 2020 | House Fire with Suicidal Subject (Barricade) | Folcroft | Pennsylvania |
August | 23 | 2020 | Fire Set at Portland Police Precinct | Portland | Oregon |
August | 24 | 2020 | Riots with Vandalism and FaaW | Kenosha | Wisconsin |
August | 24 | 2020 | Seattle Rioters Try to Set Fire to Precinct | Seattle | Washington |
August | 28 | 2020 | Armed Barricade with Trapped Persons and Fire | San Bernadino | California |
August | 29 | 2020 | FaaW During Violent Riot | Washington | District of Columbia |
August | 29 | 2020 | Shooting with Apartment Fire | Jane Lew | West Virginia |
August | 31 | 2020 | IID’s at Protest at Police Station | Seattle | Washington |
August | 31 | 2020 | Residential Standoff with Shooting, Explosion and Fire | Hoquiam | Washington |
September | 5 | 2020 | House Fire, Car Chase, Shooting | Berkeley | South Carolina |
September | 10 | 2020 | Barricade, Shooting and Fire | Los Angles | California |
September | 12 | 2020 | Fire As a Weapon Distractor | Vienna | Virginia |
September | 13 | 2020 | Protest with Arson | Lansaster | Pennsylvania |
September | 15 | 2020 | Bomb-Making Materials Found After Fire | New York | New York |
September | 24 | 2020 | Protesters Set Fire Outside Police Building | Portland | Oregon |
October | 11 | 2020 | Barricade with Hostage and Explosives | Bakersfield | California |
October | 14 | 2020 | Barricade with Set Fire | Raleigh | North Carolina |
October | 15 | 2020 | FaaW Aganist Police Officer | Seattle | Washington |
October | 19 | 2020 | Protest with FaW and Vandalism | Portland | Oregon |
November | 15 | 2020 | Demonstrators Attacked with Fireworks | Washington | District of Columbia |
November | 19 | 2020 | Residential Standoff with FaaW | Nassau County | New York |
November | 30 | 2020 | Barricade with Fire | Belgrade | Montana |
December | 13 | 2020 | Shooting Outside a Cathedral | New York | New York |
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