Abstract
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) (also referred to as Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAVs), or drones) operations, focused on natural hazards, have experienced rapid expansion in the last decade. UAS uses before, during, and after natural hazard events, provide value for emergency management operations (e.g. Search-and-Rescue (SAR)), and post-event analytics. The Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Services (DHSES) manages UAS programs for public safety and emergency response activities in New York State. They also have the first FEMA-approved, locally adopted, web-based, interactive Hazard Mitigation Plans (HMPs). With recent advances in communication technologies (e.g. 5G), opportunities are emerging to establish a stewardship role to maximize regionwide UAS operations, including preparing for catastrophic natural hazards (e.g. earthquakes, hurricanes), leveraging existing HMPs, and incorporating new machine-learning techniques to use swarming networks before, during, and after a natural hazard event. A variety of stewardship approaches are discussed.
Funding source: National Science Foundation
Award Identifier / Grant number: 1531511
-
Research funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1531511).
References
Adams, S. M., and C. J. Friedland. 2011. “A Survey of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Usage for Imagery Collection in Disaster Research and Management.” In 9th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Disaster Response, Vol. 8.Suche in Google Scholar
Ahmed, H., M. Bakr, M. A. Talib, S. Abbas, and Q. Nasir. 2022. “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Fire Related Disaster Recovery: Analytical Survey Study.” In 2022 International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS), 1–6. Dubai: IEEE.Suche in Google Scholar
Ahn, T., J. Seok, I. Lee, and J. Han. 2018. “Reliable Flying IoT Networks for UAV Disaster Rescue Operations.” Mobile Information Systems 2018: 1–12.10.1155/2018/2572460Suche in Google Scholar
Alsamhi, S. H., O. Ma, M. S. Ansari, and F. A. Almalki. 2019. “Survey on Collaborative Smart Drones and Internet of Things for Improving Smartness of Smart Cities.” IEEE Access 7: 128125–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2934998.Suche in Google Scholar
Alsamhi, S. H., A. V. Shvetsov, S. Kumar, S. V. Shvetsova, M. A. Alhartomi, A. Hawbani, N. S. Rajput, S. Srivastava, A. Saif, and V. O. Nyangaresi. 2021. “UAV Computing-Assisted Search and Rescue Mission Framework for Disaster and Harsh Environment Mitigation.” Drones 6 (7): 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6070154.Suche in Google Scholar
Arain, F., & Moeini, S. (2016). “Leveraging on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Effective Emergency Response and Disaster Management.” In Proceedings of the Project Management Symposium at U of MD College Park Maryland.Suche in Google Scholar
Ausonio, E., P. Bagnerini, and M. Ghio. 2021. “Drone Swarms in Fire Suppression Activities: A Conceptual Framework.” Drones 5 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5010017.Suche in Google Scholar
Aydin, B., E. Selvi, J. Tao, and M. J. Starek. 2019. “Use of Fire-Extinguishing Balls for a Conceptual System of Drone-Assisted Wildfire Fighting.” Drones 3 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3010017.Suche in Google Scholar
Babu, N., C. B. Papadias, and P. Popovski. 2021. “Energy-Efficient Deployment of a Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Unmanned Aerial System.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 1–6. Montreal: IEEE.10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473727Suche in Google Scholar
Backes, D., G. Schumann, F. N. Teferele, and J. Boehm. 2019. “Towards a High-Resolution Drone-Based 3D Mapping Dataset to Optimise Flood Hazard Modelling.” The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 42 (W13): 181–7. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-181-2019.Suche in Google Scholar
Borthakur, A., and P. Singh. 2016. “Drones: New Tools for Natural Risk Mitigation and Disaster Response.” Current Science 110 (6): 958.Suche in Google Scholar
Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2021. Bipartisan Infrastructure Law will Deliver for California. Also available at https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2021-11/Bipartisan_Infrastructure_Law_California.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar
Cao, Y., F. Qi, Y. Jing, M. Zhu, T. Lei, Z. Li, J. Xia, J. Wang, and G. Lu. 2022. “Mission Chain Driven Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms Cooperation for the Search and Rescue of Outdoor Injured Human Targets.” Drones 6 (6): 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6060138.Suche in Google Scholar
Chowdhury, S., A. Emelogu, M. Marufuzzaman, S. G. Nurre, and L. Bian. 2017. “Drones for Disaster Response and Relief Operations: A Continuous Approximation Model.” International Journal of Production Economics 188: 167–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.03.024.Suche in Google Scholar
Cirillo, D. 2020. “Digital Field Mapping and Drone-Aided Survey for Structural Geological Data Collection and Seismic Hazard Assessment: Case of the 2016 Central Italy Earthquakes.” Applied Sciences 10 (15): 5233. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155233.Suche in Google Scholar
Clarke, R. 2014. “Understanding the Drone Epidemic.” Computer Law & Security Report 30 (3): 230–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2014.03.002.Suche in Google Scholar
CNYCentral. 2017. New High-Tech Drone Being Used by Cayuga Co. Deputies. Also available at https://cnycentral.com/news/local/new-high-tech-drone-being-used-by-cayuga-co-deputies.Suche in Google Scholar
Colomina, I., and P. Molina. 2014. “Unmanned Aerial Systems for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: A Review.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 92: 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.02.013.Suche in Google Scholar
D’Alessandro, A. 2016. “Drones: New Tools for Natural Risk Mitigation and Disaster Response.” Current Science 110 (6): 958–9.Suche in Google Scholar
Davies, L., R. C. Bolam, Y. Vagapov, and A. Anuchin. 2018. “Review of Unmanned Aircraft System Technologies to Enable beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations.” In 2018 X International Conference on Electrical Power Drive Systems (ICEPDS), 1–6. Novocherkassk: IEEE.10.1109/ICEPDS.2018.8571665Suche in Google Scholar
Daud, S. M. S. M., M. Y. P. M. Yusof, C. C. Heo, L. S. Khoo, M. K. C. Singh, M. S. Mahmood, and H. Nawawi. 2022. “Applications of Drone in Disaster Management: A Scoping Review.” Science & Justice 62 (1): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2021.11.002.Suche in Google Scholar
Davis, H. 2021. Drones for Disaster Response and Mitigation. Also available at https://guidehouseinsights.com/news-and-views/drones-for-disaster-response-and-mitigation.Suche in Google Scholar
Department of Homeland Security. 2020. Snapshot: First Responders Assess Drones for Search and Rescue Missions. Also available at https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2020/04/02/snapshot-first-responders-assess-drones-search-and-rescue-missions.Suche in Google Scholar
Deruyck, M., J. Wyckmans, W. Joseph, & L. Martens. 2018. “Designing UAV-Aided Emergency Networks for Large-Scale Disaster Scenarios.” EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2018(1): 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-018-1091-8.Suche in Google Scholar
Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services. no Date. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Program. Also available at https://www.dhses.ny.gov/unmanned-aircraft-systems-uas-program.Suche in Google Scholar
Dolcimascolo, A., D. W. Eungard, C. Allen, R. J. LeVeque, L. Adams, D. Arcas, V. V. Titov, F. I. Gonzalez, C. Moore, and C. E. Garrison-Laney. 2022. Tsunami Hazard Maps of the Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters – Model Results from a 2,500-year Magnitude 9.0 Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake Scenario. Also available at https://www.dnr.wa.gov/news/new-study-details-impacts-tsunami-fault-running-through-seattle.Suche in Google Scholar
Doughton, S. 2013. Full-rip 9.0: The Next Big Earthquake in the Pacific Northwest. Seattle: Sasquatch Books.Suche in Google Scholar
Dousai, N. M. K., and S. Lončarić. 2022. “Detecting Humans in Search and Rescue Operations Based on Ensemble Learning.” IEEE Access 10: 26481–92. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3156903.Suche in Google Scholar
Drazba, M. C., A. Yan-Richards, and S. Wilkinson. 2018. “Landslide Hazards in Fiji, Managing the Risk and Not the Disaster, a Literature Review.” Procedia Engineering 212: 1334–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.172.Suche in Google Scholar
Drone USA. 2018. The 5 Best Drone Features for Search & Rescue Missions. Also available at https://www.droneusainc.com/articles/the-5-best-drone-features-for-search-rescue-missions.Suche in Google Scholar
Edwards, F. L., and D. C. Goodrich. 2012. Introduction to Transportation Security. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.10.1201/b12921Suche in Google Scholar
Erdelj, M., E. Natalizio, K. R. Chowdhury, and I. F. Akyildiz. 2017a. “Help from the Sky: Leveraging UAVs for Disaster Management.” IEEE Pervasive Computing 16 (1): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2017.11.Suche in Google Scholar
Erdelj, M., M. Król, and E. Natalizio. 2017b. “Wireless Sensor Networks and Multi-UAV Systems for Natural Disaster Management.” Computer Networks 124: 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2017.05.021.Suche in Google Scholar
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2011. Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide. Also available at https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/fema-local-mitigation-plan-review-guide_09_30_2011.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2013. Local Mitigation Planning Handbook. Also available at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1910-25045-9160/fema_local_mitigation_handbook.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2018. 2017 Hurricane Season FEMA After-Action Report. Also available at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1531743865541-d16794d43d3082544435e1471da07880/2017FEMAHurricaneAAR.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar
Franco, J. 2017. Albany County Sheriff’s New Drones Are in High Demand. Also available at https://www.spotlightnews.com/towns/colonie/2017/09/13/albany-county-sheriffs-new-drones-are-in-high-demand/.Suche in Google Scholar
Giordan, D., Y. Hayakawa, F. Nex, F. Remondino, and P. Tarolli. 2018. “The Use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPASs) for Natural Hazards Monitoring and Management.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18 (4): 1079–96. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1079-2018.Suche in Google Scholar
Greenwood, F., E. L. Nelson, and P. G. Greenough. 2020. “Flying into the Hurricane: A Case Study of UAV Use in Damage Assessment during the 2017 Hurricanes in Texas and Florida.” PLoS One 15 (2): e0227808. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227808.Suche in Google Scholar
Griffin, G. F. 2014. “The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Disaster Management.” Geomatica 68 (4): 265–81. https://doi.org/10.5623/cig2014-402.Suche in Google Scholar
Grogan, S., M. Camache, and R. Pellerim. (no date). The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Drones in Search and Rescue Operations – a Survey. An unpublished paper, part of a Doctoral Consortium. Also available at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michel_Gamache/publication/327755534_The_use_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles_and_drones_in_search_and_rescue_operations_-_a_survey/links/5ba2a43d299bf13e603cdef0/The-use-of-unmanned-aerial-vehicles-and-drones-in-search-and-rescue-operations-a-survey.pdfSuche in Google Scholar
Ho, Y. H., and Y. J. Tsai. 2022. “Open Collaborative Platform for Multi-Drones to Support Search and Rescue Operations.” Drones 6 (5): 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6050132.Suche in Google Scholar
Hognogi, G. G., A. M. Pop, A. C. Marian-Potra, and T. Someșfălean. 2021. “The Role of UAS–GIS in Digital Era Governance. A Systematic Literature Review.” Sustainability 13 (19): 11097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911097.Suche in Google Scholar
Johnson-Bennett, S. 2020. Personal communication. Delhi: Personal Interview.Suche in Google Scholar
Kiernan, K., R. Joslin, and J. Robbins. 2020. Standardization Roadmap for Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Version 2.0.Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, K., P. Pant, and E. Yamashita. 2015. “Disasters, Drones, and Crowdsourced Damage Assessment.” In Proceedings of Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management Conference, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Suche in Google Scholar
Kucharczyk, M., and C. H. Hugenholtz. 2021. “Remote Sensing of Natural Hazard-Related Disasters with Small Drones: Global Trends, Biases, and Research Opportunities.” Remote Sensing of Environment 264: 112577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112577.Suche in Google Scholar
Kundid Vasić, M., and V. Papić. 2022. “Improving the Model for Person Detection in Aerial Image Sequences Using the Displacement Vector: A Search and Rescue Scenario.” Drones 6 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6010019.Suche in Google Scholar
Lee, I. 2019. New York’s Completed 50-Mile Drone Corridor: “Fly as Far as the Eye Can See, and Then a Little More”. Retrieved from UAV Coach. Also available at https://uavcoach.com/ny-drone-corridor.Suche in Google Scholar
Li, S., A. Moslehy, D. Hu, M. Wang, N. Wierschem, K. Alshibli, and B. Huang. 2022. Drones and Other Technologies to Assist In Disaster Relief Efforts(No. RES2021-05). Tennessee: Department of Transportation.Suche in Google Scholar
Luo, C., W. Miao, H. Ullah, S. McClean, G. Parr, and G. Min. 2019. “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Disaster Management.” In Geological Disaster Monitoring Based on Sensor Networks, 83–107. Singapore: Springer.10.1007/978-981-13-0992-2_7Suche in Google Scholar
Majd, A., A. Ashraf, E. Troubitsyna, and M. Daneshtalab. 2018. “Using Optimization, Learning, and Drone Reflexes to Maximize Safety of Swarms of Drones.” In 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 1–8. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IEEE.10.1109/CEC.2018.8477920Suche in Google Scholar
Mallela, J., P. Wheeler, B. Sankaran, C. Choi, E. Gensib, R. Tetreault, and D. Hardy. 2021. Integration of UAS into Operations Conducted by New England Departments of Transportation–Develop Implementation Procedures for UAS Applications (Task 4 Report).Suche in Google Scholar
Martinez-Alpiste, I., G. Golcarenarenji, Q. Wang, and J. M. Alcaraz-Calero. 2021. “Search and Rescue Operation Using UAVs: A Case Study.” Expert Systems with Applications 178: 114937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114937.Suche in Google Scholar
Masroor, R., M. Naeem, and W. Ejaz. 2021. “Efficient Deployment of UAVs for Disaster Management: A Multi-Criterion Optimization Approach.” Computer Communications 177: 185–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2021.07.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140366421002607.Suche in Google Scholar
Mátyás, P., and N. Máté. 2019. “Brief History of UAV Development.” Repüléstudományi Közlemények 31 (1): 155–66. https://doi.org/10.32560/rk.2019.1.13.Suche in Google Scholar
Militaru, G., and D. Popescu. 2022. “UAS – WSN Systems, A Perspective on Communication System Architecture.” UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C 84: 51–62.Suche in Google Scholar
Mohsan, S. A. H., M. A. Khan, F. Noor, I. Ullah, and M. H. Alsharif. 2022. “Towards the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Comprehensive Review.” Drones 6 (6): 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6060147.Suche in Google Scholar
Munawar, H. S., F. Ullah, S. Qayyum, S. I. Khan, and M. Mojtahedi. 2021. “Uavs in Disaster Management: Application of Integrated Aerial Imagery and Convolutional Neural Network for Flood Detection.” Sustainability 13 (14): 7547. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147547.Suche in Google Scholar
Ntwari, M. D., D. Gutierrez-Reina, S. L. Toral Marín, and H. Tawfik. 2021. “Time Efficient Unmanned Aircraft Systems Deployment in Disaster Scenarios Using Clustering Methods and a Set Cover Approach.” Electronics 10 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040422.Suche in Google Scholar
de Oliveira Silva, L., R. A. de Mello Bandeira, and V. B. G. Campos. 2019. “Proposal to Planning Facility Location Using UAV and Geographic Information Systems in a Post-disaster Scenario.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 36: 101080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101080.Suche in Google Scholar
Olsen, M. J., and D. T. Gillins. 2015. “How Can Geomatics Technologies Benefit Geotechnical Studies?” In A paper presented at the 6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, November 1–4, 2015, in Christchurch, New Zealand.Suche in Google Scholar
Press Release Point. 2019. Governor Cuomo Announces Completion of First-In-The-Nation 50-Mile Drone Corridor between Syracuse and Rome and Expansion of Syracuse Tech Garden. Also available at https://www.pressreleasepoint.com/governor-cuomo-announces-completion-first-nation-50-mile-drone-corridor-between-syracuse-and-rome.Suche in Google Scholar
Qadir, Z., F. Ullah, H. S. Munawar, and F. Al-Turjman. 2021. “Addressing Disasters in Smart Cities through UAVs Path Planning and 5G Communications: A Systematic Review.” Computer Communications 168: 114–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2021.01.003.Suche in Google Scholar
Rhode, S. 2018. Drone Search-And-Rescue Study Reveals Potential, Limits. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. Also available at https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2018/october/01/drone-study-reveals-potential-and-limits.Suche in Google Scholar
Ridolfi, E., and P. Manciola. 2018. “Water Level Measurements from Drones: A Pilot Case Study at a Dam Site.” Water 10 (3): 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030297.Suche in Google Scholar
Romer, H., J. Kersten, R. Kiefl, S. Plattner, A. Mager, and S. Voight. (2014). “Air-borne Near-Real-Time Monitoring of Assembly and Parking Areas in Case of Large-Scale Public Events and Natural Disasters.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2014, 28 (4): 682–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2013.866240.Suche in Google Scholar
Rothwell, S. 2022. Determining Earthquake Impacts on Arkansas’ Roadway Network: An Application of HAZUS. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas.Suche in Google Scholar
Rottondi, C., F. Malandrino, A. Bianco, C. F. Chiasserini, and I. Stavrakakis. 2021. “Scheduling of Emergency Tasks for Multiservice UAVs in Post-disaster Scenarios.” Computer Networks 184: 107644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107644.Suche in Google Scholar
Russon, M. 2018. Drones to the Rescue. Also available at https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43906846.Suche in Google Scholar
Sambolek, S., and M. Ivasic-Kos. 2021. “Automatic Person Detection in Search and Rescue Operations Using Deep CNN Detectors.” IEEE Access 9: 37905–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063681.Suche in Google Scholar
Sánchez-García, J., D. G. Reina, and S. L. Toral. 2019. “A Distributed PSO-Based Exploration Algorithm for a UAV Network Assisting a Disaster Scenario.” Future Generation Computer Systems 90: 129–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.07.048.Suche in Google Scholar
Schaefer, M., R. Teeuw, S. Day, D. Zekkos, P. Weber, T. Meredith, and C. J. Van Westen. 2020. “Low-cost UAV Surveys of Hurricane Damage in Dominica: Automated Processing with Co-registration of Pre-hurricane Imagery for Change Analysis.” Natural Hazards 101 (3): 755–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03893-1.Suche in Google Scholar
Scholl, H. J. 2019. “Overwhelmed by Brute Force of Nature: First Response Management in the Wake of a Catastrophic Incident.” In International Conference on Electronic Government, 105–24. Cham: Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-27325-5_9Suche in Google Scholar
Scholl, H. J., K. Hubbell, and J. G. Leonard. 2019. “Situational Awareness during a Catastrophic Incident: Insights from the Cascadia Rising Exercise of June 2016.” In The Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.10.24251/HICSS.2019.366Suche in Google Scholar
Singh, N. 2021. “Kentucky Tornado: Drone footage Captures Devastation Left by ‘longest-Ever’ Twister.” Independent. Also available at https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/tornado-kentucky-maryfield-storm-drone-b1974439.html.Suche in Google Scholar
Silvagni, M., A. Tonoli, E. Zenerino, and M. Chiaberge. 2017. “Multipurpose UAV for Search and Rescue Operations in Mountain Avalanche Events.” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 8 (1): 18–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1238852.Suche in Google Scholar
Steinberg, A., M. Cardei, and I. Cardei. 2021. “UAS Batch Path Planning with a Space-Time Graph.” IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 2: 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/ojits.2021.3070415.Suche in Google Scholar
Tarigan, A. P. M., Suwardhi, D., Fajri, M. N., & Fahmi, F. (2017). “Mapping a Volcano Hazard Area of Mount Sinabung Using Drone: Preliminary Results.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (1): 012277.10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012277Suche in Google Scholar
Turner, I. L., M. D. Harley, and C. D. Drummond. 2016. “UAVs for Coast Surveying.” Coastal Engineering 114: 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.03.011.Suche in Google Scholar
Verizon. no date. Web text. Also available at https://www.verizon.com/about/our-company/5g/when-was-5g-introduced.Suche in Google Scholar
VetrivelGerke, A. M., N. Kerle, and G. Vosselman. 2015. “Identification of Damage in Buildings Based on Gaps in 3D Point Clouds from Very High Resolution Oblique Airborne Images.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 105: 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.03.016.Suche in Google Scholar
Waharte, S., and N. Trigoni. 2010. “Supporting Search and Rescue Operations with UAVs.” In 2010 International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies, 142–7. IEEE.10.1109/EST.2010.31Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, J., Y. Liu, S. Niu, and H. Song. 2021a. “Reinforcement Learning Optimized Throughput for 5g Enhanced Swarm UAS Networking.” In ICC 2021-IEEE International Conference on Communications, 1–6. Montreal. IEEE.10.1109/ICC42927.2021.9500733Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, J., Y. Liu, S. Niu, H. Song, W. Jing, and J. Yuan. 2021b. “Blockchain Enabled Verification for Cellular-Connected Unmanned Aircraft System Networking.” Future Generation Computer Systems 123: 233–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.05.002.Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, J., Y. Liu, and H. Song. 2021c. “Counter-unmanned Aircraft System (s)(C-UAS): State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends.” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 36 (3): 4–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/maes.2020.3015537.Suche in Google Scholar
Wankmüller, C., M. Kunovjanek, and S. Mayrgündter. 2021. “Drones in Emergency Response–Evidence from Cross-Border, Multi-Disciplinary Usability Tests.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 65: 102567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102567.Suche in Google Scholar
Wardihani, E., M. A. G. F. U. R. Ramdhani, A. M. I. N. Suharjono, T. A. Setyawan, S. S. Hidayat, S. W. Helmy, and F. Saifullah. 2018. “Real-Time Forest Fire Monitoring System Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Journal of Engineering Science & Technology 13 (6): 1587–94.Suche in Google Scholar
Washington Military Department. 2017. Transportation Impacts of a Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake, Presented at the Tacoma Transportation Club. Also available at http://www.transportationcluboftacoma.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171113_Tacoma_Transportation_Club_v.4.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar
Whitehurst, D., B. Friedman, K. Kochersberger, V. Sridhar, and J. Weeks. 2021. “Drone-Based Community Assessment, Planning, and Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development.” Remote Sensing 13 (9): 1739. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091739.Suche in Google Scholar
World Economic Forum. 2018. Advanced Drone Operations Toolkit: Accelerating the Drone Revolution. Also available at http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Advanced_Drone_Operations_Toolkit.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar
Yu, M., C. Yang, and Y. Li. 2018. “Big Data in Natural Disaster Management: A Review.” Geosciences 8 (5): 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8050165.Suche in Google Scholar
Zeleny, J., and K. Sullivan. 2021. We’re Doing All We Can’: Biden Speaks on Hurricane Ida Relief Efforts. CNN Politics. Also available at https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/30/politics/biden-hurricane-ida/index.html.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Strategic Planning in Emergency Management: Highlighting the Critical Role (and Impacts) of the Planning Process
- Critical Review of National Flood Policy Outcomes
- Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Applications and Integration into Hazard Mitigation Planning
- Climate-Related Vulnerability Assessment Toward Disaster Risk Reduction: Insight from Pakistan
- An Exploration of Local Emergency Management Program Accreditation Pursuit
- Politicization of COVID-19 and Conspiratorial Beliefs Among Emergency & Public Health Officials
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Strategic Planning in Emergency Management: Highlighting the Critical Role (and Impacts) of the Planning Process
- Critical Review of National Flood Policy Outcomes
- Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Applications and Integration into Hazard Mitigation Planning
- Climate-Related Vulnerability Assessment Toward Disaster Risk Reduction: Insight from Pakistan
- An Exploration of Local Emergency Management Program Accreditation Pursuit
- Politicization of COVID-19 and Conspiratorial Beliefs Among Emergency & Public Health Officials