Startseite Resilience Building Policies and their Influence in Crisis Prevention, Absorption and Recovery
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Resilience Building Policies and their Influence in Crisis Prevention, Absorption and Recovery

  • Leire Labaka EMAIL logo , Josune Hernantes , Eliot Rich und Jose Mari Sarriegi
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 31. Juli 2013

Abstract

Resilience building has become one of the most promising strategies for crisis managers to improve the security and proper functioning of critical infrastructures (CIs). Therefore, crisis managers will benefit from both general and detailed guidance for building and maintaining CI resilience levels. This paper aims to contribute to this purpose by presenting a framework that helps crisis managers improve the resilience level of CIs based on internal and external aspects of the CI that are often overlooked. This framework proposes sixteen resilience policies that have been suggested as influential in developing resilience. The influence and relative effectiveness of each policy in promoting the resilience of the system is postulated. The framework was reviewed and validated through an expert panel and a Delphi process providing grounded support for the evaluation and prioritization of the resilience policies. The results show that internal policies are the most influential ones when avoiding a crisis occurrence and external policies are most helpful when bouncing back to the usual state.


Corresponding author: Leire Labaka, University of Navarra - TECNUN - Bussiness Management Manuel Lardizabal 13 Paseo Manuel Lardizábal, 13, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa 20018, Spain, Tel.: +34943219877, e-mail:

References

Andersen, D. F., G. P. Richardson and J. A. M. Vennix (1997) “Group Model Building: Adding More Science to the Craft,” System Dynamics Review, 13(2): 187–201.10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199722)13:2<187::AID-SDR124>3.0.CO;2-OSuche in Google Scholar

Andersen, D. F., G. P. Richardson and J. A. M. Vennix (2007) “Group Model Building: Problem Structuring, Policy Simulation and Decision Support,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 58(5): 691–695.10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602339Suche in Google Scholar

Andersson, G., P. Donalek, R. Farmer, N. Hatziargyriou, I. Kamwa, P. Kundur, N. Martins, J. Paserba, P. Pourbeik, et al. (2005) “Causes of the 2003 Major Grid Blackouts in North America and Europe, and Recommended Means to Improve System Dynamic Performance,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20(4): 1922–1928.10.1109/TPWRS.2005.857942Suche in Google Scholar

Barr, R. (2010) “Iceland′s Volcanic Ash Halts Flights Across Europe,” The Guardian, April, 15. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/9032564.Suche in Google Scholar

Boin, A. (2009) “The New World of Crises and Crisis Management: Implications for Policymaking and Research,” Review of Policy Research, 26(4): 367–377.10.1111/j.1541-1338.2009.00389.xSuche in Google Scholar

Boin, A. and A. McConnell (2007) “Preparing for Critical Infrastructure Breakdowns: The Limits of Crisis Management and the Need for Resilience,” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 15(1): 50–59. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.x.10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.xSuche in Google Scholar

Boin, A., P. Hart, E. Stern and B. Sundelius (2005) The Politics of Crisis Management: Public Leadership under Pressure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511490880Suche in Google Scholar

Briguglio, L., G. Cordina, N. Farrugia and S. Vella (2009) “Economic Vulnerability and Resilience: Concepts and Measurements,” Oxford Development Studies, 37(3): 229–247.10.1080/13600810903089893Suche in Google Scholar

British Standards Institution (BSI) (2006) Business Continuity Management - Part 1: Code of Practice. Reston, VA: BSI Management Systems America Inc.Suche in Google Scholar

Broad, W. J. (2011) “Scientists Project Path of Radiation Plume,” New York Times, March, 16. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/17/science/17plume.html?_r=0.Suche in Google Scholar

Bruneau, M., S. Chang, R. Eguchi, G. Lee, T. O′Rourke, A. Reinhorn, M. Shinozuka, K. Tierney, W. Wallace and D. von Winterfelt (2003) “A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance Seismic Resilience of Communities,” Earthquake Spectra, 19: 733–752.10.1193/1.1623497Suche in Google Scholar

Brunsdon, D. and E. Dalziell (2005) “Making Organisations Resililent: Understanding the Reality of the Challenge.”Proceedings of the Resilient Infrastructure Conference: 27-34. Rotorua, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering.Suche in Google Scholar

Canadian Standards Association (CSA) (2008) Programmes De Gestion Des Mesures D′Urgence Et De Continuité Des Activités. Mississauga: CSA.Suche in Google Scholar

Carrel, L. F. (2000) “Training Civil Servants for Crisis Management,” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 8(4): 192–196.10.1111/1468-5973.00139Suche in Google Scholar

Commission of the European Communities (2005) Green Paper on a European Programme of Critical Infrastructure Protection. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2005/com2005_0576en01.pdf. Accessed on July, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar

Dalkey, N. (1969) “An Experimental Study of Group Opinion,” Futures, 408–426.10.1016/S0016-3287(69)80025-XSuche in Google Scholar

Delbecq, A. L., A. H. Van de Ven and D. H. Gustafson (1975) Group Techniques for Program Planning: A Guide to Nominal Group and Delphi Processes. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Co.Suche in Google Scholar

Dempsey, J. and S. LaFraniere (2011) “In Europe and China, Japan’s Crisis Renews Fears about Nuclear Power.” New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/17/business/global/17atomic.html?pagewanted=all.Suche in Google Scholar

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (2007) Target Capabilities List - A Companion to the National Preparedness Guidelines. Washington, D.C.: DHS.Suche in Google Scholar

Gilpin, D. R. and P. J. Murphy (2008) Crisis Management in a Complex World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328721.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar

Hall, J. (2010) “Volcanic Ash Cloud Leaves Shops Facing Shortages of Fruit, Vegetables and Medicine,” The Telegraph, April, 16. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/7599042/Volcanic-ash-cloud-leaves-shops-facing-shortages-of-fruit-vegetables-and-medicine.html.Suche in Google Scholar

Hämmerli, B. and A. Renda (2010) Protecting Critical Infrastructure in the EU. Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels. http://www.ceps.eu/book/protecting-critical-infrastructure-eu. Accessed on July, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar

Hémond, Y. and B. Robert (2012) “Preparedness: The State of the Art and Future Prospects,” Disaster Prevention and Management, 21(4): 404–417.10.1108/09653561211256125Suche in Google Scholar

Hernantes, J., L. Labaka, A. Lauge and J. M. Sarriegi (2012) “Group Model Building: A Collaborative Modelling Methodology Applied to Critical Infrastructure Protection,” International Journal of Organizational Design and Engineering, 2(1): 41–60.10.1504/IJODE.2012.045904Suche in Google Scholar

Holling, C. (1973) “Resiliency and Stability of Ecological Systems,” Annual Review of Ecological Systems, 4: 1–24.10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245Suche in Google Scholar

Hollnagel, E. (2006) Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts, edited by Hollnagel E., D. D. Woods and N. Leveson, United Kingdom: Ashgate.Suche in Google Scholar

Hollnagel, E. (2011) “Prologue: The Scope of Resilience Engineering.” In: (E. Hollnagel, J. Paries, D. D. Woods and J. Wreathall, eds.) Resilience Engineering in Practice, Farnham, England: Ashgate, pp. xxix–xxxix.Suche in Google Scholar

International Organization for Standardization ISO. (2006) Emergency Preparedness - État De Préparation En Cas De Catastrophes (IWA 5). Geneva: ISO.Suche in Google Scholar

Johnsen, S. O. (2010) “Resilience in Risk Analysis and Risk Assessment.” In: (C. Palmer and S. Shenoi, eds.) Critical Infrastructure Protection. Berlin: Springer, pp. 215–227.10.1007/978-3-642-16806-2_15Suche in Google Scholar

Kahan, J. H., A. C. Allen and J. K. George (2009) “An Operational Framework for Resilience,” Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 6(1): 1–50.10.2202/1547-7355.1675Suche in Google Scholar

Labaka, L., J. Hernantes, A. Laugé and J. M. Sarriegi (2013) “Enhancing Resilience: Implementing Resilience Building Policies Against Major Industrial Accidents,” International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 9(1/2): 130–147.10.1504/IJCIS.2013.051607Suche in Google Scholar

Larsson, S. and A. Danell (2006) “The Black-Out in Southern Sweden and Eastern Denmark, September 23, 2003.” PSCE 06: Atlanta, GA.10.1109/PSCE.2006.296324Suche in Google Scholar

Lecoze, J. and S. Capo (2006) “A Conceptual and Methodological Comparison with the Field of Child Resilience.” Proceedings of 2th Synopsium of Resilience Engineering: Juan-Les-Pins (France), November 8–10.Suche in Google Scholar

Linstone, H. A. and M. Turoff (1975) The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.Suche in Google Scholar

Longstaff, P. H. (2005) Security, Resilience, and Communication in Unpredictable Environments such as Terrorism, Natural Disasters, and Complex Technology. Center for Information Policy Research, Harvard University.Suche in Google Scholar

Manyena, S. B. (2006) “The Concept of Resilience Revisited,” Disasters, 30(4): 434–450.10.1111/j.0361-3666.2006.00331.xSuche in Google Scholar

McEntire, D. A. (2005) “Why Vulnerability Matters: Exploring the Merit of an Inclusive Disaster Reduction Concept,” Disaster Prevention and Management, 14(2): 206–222.10.1108/09653560510595209Suche in Google Scholar

McEntire, D. A. and A. Myers (2004) “Preparing Communities for Disasters: Issues and Processes for Government Readiness,” Disaster Prevention and Management, 13(2): 140–152.10.1108/09653560410534289Suche in Google Scholar

McManus, S., E. Seville, D. Brunsdon and J. Vargo (2007) Resilience Management: A Framework for Assessing and Improving the Resilience of Organisations. Resilient Organisations Research Report.Suche in Google Scholar

Mileti, D. (1999) Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Moteff, J. D. (2010) Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation. Washington, DC: DIANE Publishing.Suche in Google Scholar

Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) (2008) Engineering Resilience Solutions. USA: University of Buffalo.Suche in Google Scholar

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (2010) Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs. Quincy, MA: NFPA.Suche in Google Scholar

Okoli, C. and S. D. Pawlowski (2004) “The Delphi Method as a Research Tool: An Example, Design Considerations and Applications,” Information and Management, 42: 15–29.10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002Suche in Google Scholar

Perrings, C. (2001) “Resilience and Sustainability.” In: (H. Folmer, H. L. Gabel, S. Gerking and A. Rose, eds.) Frontiers of Environmental Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Suche in Google Scholar

Quarantelli, E. L. (1998) Major Criteria for Judging Disaster Planning and Managing their Applicability in Developing Countries. Newark, DE: University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center.Suche in Google Scholar

Rich, E., J. J. Gonzalez, Y. Qian, F. O. Sveen, J. Radianti and S. Hillen (2009) “Emergent Vulnerabilities in Integrated Operations: A Proactive Simulation Study of Economic Risk.” International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 2(3): 110–123.10.1016/j.ijcip.2009.07.002Suche in Google Scholar

Rinaldi, S. M. (2004) “Modeling and Simulating Critical Infrastructures and their Interdependencies.”Proceedings of 37th Hawaii international conference on system sciences: Washington DC, USA, IEEE Computer Society, January 5–8.10.1109/HICSS.2004.1265180Suche in Google Scholar

Ruffner, J. W., A. C. Brodie, C. L. Holiday and T. H. Isenberg (2010) “Selecting and Utilizing Metrics for an Internet-Based Community of Practice.”Proceedings of the Human factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting: 1254–1258. Nevada, U.S.: SAGE Publications.10.1177/154193121005401604Suche in Google Scholar

Sarriegi, J. M., F. O. Sveen, J. M. Torres and J. J. Gonzalez (2008) “Towards a Research Framework for Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies,” International Journal of Emergency Management, 5(3/4): 235–249.10.1504/IJEM.2008.025094Suche in Google Scholar

Skulmoski, G. J., F. T. Hartman and J. Krahn (2007) “The Delphi Method for Graduate Research,” Journal of Information Technology Education, 6: 1–21.10.28945/199Suche in Google Scholar

Snyder, W. M. and X. de Souza Briggs (2003) Communities of Practice: A New Tool for Government Managers. Virginia, U.S.: IBM Center for The Business of Government. http://www.businessofgovernment.org/sites/default/files/Communities%20of%20Practices.odf_.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar

Stephenson, A. (2010) Benchmarking the Resilience of Organizations. New Zealand: University of Canterbury.Suche in Google Scholar

Stephenson, A., E. Seville and J. Vargo (2010) “Measuring and Comparing Organisational Resilience in Auckland,” The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 25(2): 27–32.Suche in Google Scholar

Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE) (2004) Final Report of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy. Italy. http://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/ce/otherreports/20040427_UCTE_IC_Final_report.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar

Vogus, T. J. and K. M. Sutcliffe (2007) “Organizational Resilience: Towards a Theory and Research Agenda,”Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2007.ISIC.IEEE International Conference on: 3418-3422. Octubre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4414160.10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4414160Suche in Google Scholar

Weick, K. E. and K. M. Sutcliffe (2007) Managing the Unexpected: Resilient Performance in an Age of Uncertainty. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Suche in Google Scholar

Westrum, R. (2006) “A Typology of Resilience Situations.” In: (E. Hollnagel, D. D. Woods and N. Leveson, eds.) Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts. United Kingdom: Ashgate, pp. 55–65.Suche in Google Scholar

Yin, R. K. (1994) Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 2nd ed. Sage publications.Suche in Google Scholar

Zimmerman, M. A. and R. Arunkumar (1994) “Resiliency Research: Implications for Schools and Policy,” Social Policy Report, 8(4): 1–17.10.1002/j.2379-3988.1994.tb00032.xSuche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2013-07-31
Published in Print: 2013-01-01

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Masthead
  2. Masthead
  3. Research Articles
  4. Integrating Federal Approaches to Post-Cyber Incident Mitigation
  5. Cybersecurity and US Legislative Efforts to address Cybercrime
  6. The Military’s Response to Domestic CBRNE Incidents
  7. Building Public Health Preparedness and Food and Agriculture Defense Capabilities Using Whole Community and One Health Concepts
  8. Situated Response and Learning of Distributed Bushfire Coordinating Teams
  9. A Critical Examination of the Assumptions Regarding Centralized Coordination in Large-Scale Emergency Situations
  10. “Of Gods and Men”: Selected Print Media Coverage of Natural Disasters and Industrial Failures in Three Westminster Countries
  11. Spontaneous Planning after the San Bruno Gas Pipeline Explosion: A Case Study of Anticipation and Improvisation during Response and Recovery Operations
  12. Understanding Incident Response to Unplanned Releases at Chemical Facilities
  13. A Study on the Responsiveness of Local Health Departments that Use Facebook
  14. Texas takes on the TSA: The Constitutional Fight over Airport Security
  15. The Gulf Oil Spill and Economic Impacts: Extending the National Interstate Economic Model (NIEMO) to Account for Induced Impacts
  16. The Economic Value of Water: Providing Confidence and Context to FEMA’s Methodology
  17. Diffusion of Emergency Information during a Crisis within a University
  18. Resilience Building Policies and their Influence in Crisis Prevention, Absorption and Recovery
  19. Communication and News
  20. A Practitioner-Researcher Partnership to Develop and Deliver Operational Value of Threat, Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Training to meet the Requirements of Emergency Responders
  21. Regional Public-Private Interoperable Communications for Catastrophic Events Using a Cloud Computing Based Portal
  22. It’s Never Too Late: Restructuring the Department of Homeland Security’s Regional Framework
  23. Finding the New High Ground in Cyber War: Malware as an Instrument of War
  24. Opinions
  25. Cybersecurity and Emergency Management: Encryption and the Inability to Communicate
  26. Assessing the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards after 5 Years: Achievements, Challenges, and Risks Ahead
  27. Book Review
  28. Emergency Management: The American Experience 1900–2010 (2nd Edition)
Heruntergeladen am 28.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jhsem-2012-0089/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen