Evaluation of the protective effect of the Echinacea Purpurea against apoptosis and inflammation induced by overdose of iron dextran on the hematopoietic system
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Doaa Kahim Abdul Ridha
und
Ali Faris Hassan
Abstract
Objectives
Investigate the cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of two different doses of Echinacea purpurea extract against iron overload-induced bone marrow suppression and spleen cell damage.
Methods
50 male rats divided into five groups: (I) received a 0.2 mL intraperitoneal saline injection, 1 mL oral gavage daily. (II) intraperitoneally injected (200 mg/kg iron); daily oral gavage 1 mL saline solution. (III) intraperitoneally injected (200 mg/kg iron), E. purpurea (100 mg/kg/day) orally administered. (IV) intraperitoneally injected (200 mg/kg iron), E. purpurea (200 mg/kg/day) orally administered. (V) intraperitoneally injected (200 mg/kg iron), orally administered vitamin E (200 mg/kg/day). Injections administered every 3 days; treatment for 4 weeks.
Results
Echinacea Purpurea significantly reduces monocyte cell count, Akt1, Foxo-1, and NFκB; significantly elevates lymphocyte cell count; and highly significantly elevates Sirt-3 gene expression. It substantially reduces the levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and FasL.
Conclusions
Echinacea Purpurea exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and it reduces bone marrow suppression and spleen cell injury caused by iron overload.
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Research ethics: University of Baghdad/ College of Pharmacy Animal Research LoLocal Ethics Committee accepted this protocol.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: 1. Conception and design of the study: Dr.Ali F. Hasan. 2. Conducted animal experiment: Doaa Kadhim. 3. Analysis and interpretation of data: Doaa Kadhim. 4. Drafting the article: Doaa Kadhim. 5. Revising the manuscript: Dr. Ali F.Hasan. 6. supervised the whole process: Dr.Ali F.Hasan The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: No conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None.
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Data availability: “The raw data can be obtained from the corresponding author”.
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