Optimization of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-gout properties of polyherbal formulation

Lim Sin Yee; Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar; Norazlin Abdullah; Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar; Sri Fatmawati

doi:10.1515/jcim-2020-0141

Article

Optimization of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-gout properties of polyherbal formulation

Lim Sin Yee , Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar , Norazlin Abdullah , Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar and Sri Fatmawati

Published/Copyright: August 14, 2023

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From the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 20 Issue 4

Abstract

Objectives

An increase in gout prevalence has drawn attention among society and this situation drives the exploration of more favourable treatment using traditional medicinal plants which are rich in phenolic and flavonoid to avoid the side effects of modern medication. However, there are only few studies regarding the optimization of phytochemicals and anti-gout properties of medicinal plants and their combinations. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal formulation of Strobilanthes crispus, Orthosiphon stamineus Benth and Stevia rebaudiana with maximum total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as minimum IC₅₀ of in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and to examine their correlations among the formulations.

Methods

Plant extracts from hot water infusion were tested for the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and enzyme inhibition through Folin-ciocalteu assay, aluminium chloride method and xanthine oxidase inhibition assay, respectively. Simplex-centroid mixture design was applied in this study and 13 polyherbal formulations were generated by Design Expert Software.

Results

Linear, special cubic and quadratic models were selected to describe the interaction effect between polyherbal formulations and their responses. Low IC₅₀ value (13.90 μg/mL) of xanthine oxidase activity was found in the binary combination of O. stamineus and S. rebaudiana and this probably related to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents as xanthine oxidase inhibition and phytochemicals were correlated.

Conclusions

The suggested optimal formulation was comprised of 44.26 % O. stamineus and 55.74 % S. rebaudiana and it could be developed as an alternative treatment for gout.

Keywords: polyherbal formulation; simplex-centroid mixture design; total flavonoid content; total phenolic content; xanthine oxidase inhibition

Corresponding author: Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar, Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia, E-mail: fadzelly@uthm.edu.my

Funding source: Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Award Identifier / Grant number: H277

Funding source: Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

Award Identifier / Grant number: K 099

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express sincere appreciation to Associate Professor Dr. Alona Cuevas Linatoc for her assistance in plant sample identification and also Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for providing the facilities that supported this study.

Ethical approval: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (MOHE) under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, FRGS Vot No. K 099 (FRGS/1/2018/WAB01/UTHM/02/1).

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Received: 2020-06-14

Accepted: 2023-07-28

Published Online: 2023-08-14

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2020-0141

Keywords for this article

polyherbal formulation; simplex-centroid mixture design; total flavonoid content; total phenolic content; xanthine oxidase inhibition