Abstract
Mrs. Smith is an 81-year-old woman who has several medical problems. Despite these problems, however, her faith and spirituality strength give her the strength and determination to move forward in life. She stresses that, “My faith helps me cope with my illnesses.” This article describes Mrs. Smith’s roller coaster life and how faith, prayer, and hope have allowed her to continue to press forward. She interprets pain and illnesses as challenges, not obstacles. Her physician who has been treating her for about 20 years indicates that she has continued to have multiple chronic health issues and has maintained an incredibly positive spirit, particularly when traditional medicine has failed to make a difference. Spiritual care is being increasingly documented as an important component of whole person medicine. For some, religiosity and spirituality are important aspects of patient–provider relationship. God, faith, and hope are essential factors to Mrs. Smith who uses spirituality and religion daily to cope with her chronic illnesses.
Article note
The case presented here is based on one reported in 2002 in the Journal of the American Medical Association, [1] which has been modified and updated, and combined with other cases to illustrate the points made in the present article.
Author contributions:
All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding:
None declared.
Employment or leadership:
None declared.
Honorarium:
None declared.
Competing interests:
The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Koenig HG. An 83-year-old woman with chronic illness and strong religious beliefs. J Am Med Assoc 2002;288:487–93.10.1001/jama.288.4.487Suche in Google Scholar
2. Faith | definition of faith by Merriam-Webster. Available at: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/faith. Accessed: 24 Jun 2015.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Religion | definition of religion by Merriam-Webster. Available at: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religion. Accessed: 24 Jun 2015.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Spirituality | definition of spirituality by Merriam-Webster. Available at: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spirituality. Accessed: 24 Jun 2015.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Emblen JD. Religion and spirituality defined according to current use in nursing literature. J Prof Nurs 1992;8:41–7.10.1016/8755-7223(92)90116-GSuche in Google Scholar
6. Dombeck M, Karl J. Spiritual issues in mental health care. J Relig Health 1987;26:183–97.10.1007/BF01533119Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Ernst E. Prevalence of use of complementary/alternative medicine: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2000;78:258–66.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Harris ST. The impact of spirituality on health conditions of persons with diabetes in eastern North Carolina. Koln, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2009:104.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Cassibba R, Papagna S, Calabrese MT, Costantino E, Paterno A, Granqvist P. The role of attachment to god in secular and religious/spiritual ways of coping with a serious disease. Ment Health Relig Cult 2014;17:252–61.10.1080/13674676.2013.795138Suche in Google Scholar
10. Gaston-Johansson F, Haisfield-Wolfe ME, Reddick B, Goldstein N, Lawal TA. The relationships among coping strategies, religious coping, and spirituality in African American women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Oncol Nurs Forum 2013;40:120–31.10.1188/13.ONF.120-131Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Ai AL, Hopp F, Tice TN, Koenig H. Existential relatedness in light of eudemonic well-being and religious coping among middle-aged and older cardiac patients. J Health Psychol 2013;18:368–82.10.1177/1359105311434754Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Pedersen HF, Pargament KI, Pedersen CG, Zachariae R. Religious coping and quality of life among severely ill lung patients in a secular society. Int J Psychol Relig 2013;23:188–203.10.1080/10508619.2012.728068Suche in Google Scholar
13. Lee M, Nezu A, Nezu C. Positive and negative religious coping, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in people with HIV. J Behav Med 2014;37:921–30.10.1007/s10865-014-9552-ySuche in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Reynolds N, Mrug S, Britton L, Guion K, Wolfe K, Gutierrez H. Spiritual coping predicts 5-year health outcomes in adolescents with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2014;13:593–600.10.1016/j.jcf.2014.01.013Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
15. Taylor LE, Stotts NA, Humphreys J, Treadwell MJ, Miaskowski C. A biopsychosocial-spiritual model of chronic pain in adults with sickle cell disease. Pain Manag Nurs 2013;14:287–301.10.1016/j.pmn.2011.06.003Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
16. Jakobsson Larsson B, Nordin K, Askmark H, Nygren I. Coping strategies among patients with newly diagnosed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Clin Nurs 2014;23:3148–55.10.1111/jocn.12557Suche in Google Scholar
17. Naewbood S, Sorajjakool S, Triamchaisri SK. The role of religion in relation to blood pressure control among a Southern California Thai population with hypertension. J Relig Health 2012;51:187–97.10.1007/s10943-010-9341-zSuche in Google Scholar
18. Naghi JJ, Philip KJ, Phan A, Cleenewerck L, Schwarz ER. The effects of spirituality and religion on outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. J Relig Health 2012;51:1124–36.10.1007/s10943-010-9419-7Suche in Google Scholar
19. Ginting H, Näring G, Kwakkenbos L, Becker ES. Spirituality and negative emotions in individuals with coronary heart disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2014:1.10.1097/JCN.0000000000000201Suche in Google Scholar
20. Büssing A, Janko A, Baumann K, Hvidt NC, Kopf A. Spiritual needs among patients with chronic pain diseases and cancer living in a secular society. Pain Med 2013;14:1362–73.10.1111/pme.12198Suche in Google Scholar
21. Drutchas A, Anandarajah G. Spirituality and coping with chronic disease in pediatrics. R I Med J 2014;97:26–30.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Mouch CA, Sonnega AJ. Spirituality and recovery from cardiac surgery: a review. J Relig Health 2012;51:1042–60.10.1007/s10943-012-9612-ySuche in Google Scholar
23. Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry 2012;2012:1–33. Available at: http://jproxy.lib.ecu.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23762764; http://jw3mh2cm6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/Ovid:prem&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/10.5402%2F2012%2F278730&rft_id=info:pmid/23762764&rft.issn=2090-7966&rft.volume=2012&rft.issue=&rft.spage=278730&rft.pages=278730&rft.date=2012&rft.jtitle=ISRN+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Religion%2C+spirituality%2C+and+health%3A+the+research+and+clinical+implications.&rft.aulast=Koenig&pid%3CAN%3E23762764%3C%2FAN%3E. Accessed: 13 Jun 2013. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Lucchetti ALG, Lucchetti G, Koenig HG. Impact of spirituality/religiosity on mortality: comparison with other health interventions. Explore (NY) 2011;7:234–8.10.1016/j.explore.2011.04.005Suche in Google Scholar
25. Koenig HG, Berk LS, Daher NS, Pearce MJ, Bellinger DL, Robins CJ, et al. Religious involvement is associated with greater purpose, optimism, generosity and gratitude in persons with major depression and chronic medical illness. J Psychosom Res 2014;77:135–43.10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.05.002Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
26. McCauley J, Tarpley MJ, Haaz S, Bartlett SJ. Daily spiritual experiences of older adults with and without arthritis and the relationship to health outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:122–8.10.1002/art.23246Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
27. Caplan L, Sawyer P, Holt C, Brown CJ. Religiosity after a diagnosis of cancer among older adults. J Relig Spiritual Aging 2014;26:357–69.10.1080/15528030.2014.928922Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
28. Watkins YJ, Quinn LT, Ruggiero L, Quinn MT, Choi YK. Spiritual and religious beliefs and practices and social support’s relationship to diabetes self-care activities in African Americans. Diabetes Educ 2013;39:231–9.10.1177/0145721713475843Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
29. Koenig HG. Religion and depression in older medical inpatients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;15:282–91.10.1097/01.JGP.0000246875.93674.0cSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
30. Huang CY, Hsu MC, Chen TJ. An exploratory study of religious involvement as a moderator between anxiety, depressive symptoms and quality of life outcomes of older adults. J Clin Nurs 2012;21:609–19.10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03412.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
31. Krause N, Hayward RD. Religious involvement, practical wisdom, and self-rated health. J Aging Health 2014;26:540–58.10.1177/0898264314524437Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
32. Ellison CG, Burdette AM. Religion and the sense of control among US adults. Sociol Relig 2012;73:1–22.10.1093/socrel/srr035Suche in Google Scholar
33. Vonarx N, Hyppolite SR. Religion, spirituality, and cancer: the question of individual empowerment. Integr Cancer Ther 2013;12:69–80.10.1177/1534735411433835Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
34. Bussing A, Michalsen A, Balzat HJ, Grunther RA, Ostermann T, Neugebauer EA, et al. Are spirituality and religiosity resources for patients with chronic pain conditions? Pain Med 2009;10:327–39.10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00572.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
35. Stewart WC, Adams MP, Stewart JA, Nelson LA. Review of clinical medicine and religious practice. J Relig Health 2013;52:91–106.10.1007/s10943-012-9578-9Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
36. Manning LK. Navigating hardships in old age: exploring the relationship between spirituality and resilience in later life. Qual Health Res 2013;23:568–75.10.1177/1049732312471730Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
37. Savel RH, Munro CL. The importance of spirituality in patient-centered care. Am J Crit Care 2014;23:276.10.4037/ajcc2014328Suche in Google Scholar
38. Koenig HG. Spirituality in patient care: why, how, when and what, 3rd ed. Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar
39. Koenig HG, George LK, Titus P. Religion, spirituality, and health in medically ill hospitalized older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:554–62.10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52161.xSuche in Google Scholar
40. Hayward RD, Krause N. Trajectories of disability in older adulthood and social support from a religious congregation: a growth curve analysis. J Behav Med 2013;36:354–60.10.1007/s10865-012-9430-4Suche in Google Scholar
41. Holt-Lunstad J, Steffen PR, Sandberg J, Jensen B. Understanding the connection between spiritual well-being and physical health: an examination of ambulatory blood pressure, inflammation, blood lipids and fasting glucose. J Behav Med 2011;34:477–88.10.1007/s10865-011-9343-7Suche in Google Scholar
42. Banerjee AT, Strachan PH, Boyle MH, Anand SS, Oremus M. Attending religious services and its relationship with coronary heart disease and related risk factors in older adults: a qualitative study of church pastors’ and parishioners’ perspectives. J Relig Health 2013;53:1–16.10.1007/s10943-013-9783-1Suche in Google Scholar
43. Koenig HG, Zaben FA, Khalifa DA. Religion, spirituality and mental health in the West and the Middle East. Asian J Psychiatr 2012;5(2):180–2. Available at: http://jproxy.lib.ecu.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22813665; http://jw3mh2cm6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/Ovid:medl&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ajp.2012.04.004&rft_id=info:pmid/22813665&rft.issn=1876-2026&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.pages=180-2&rft.date=2012&rft.jtitle=Asian++of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Religion%2C+spirituality+and+mental+health+in+the+West+and+the+Middle+East.&rft.aulast=Koenig&pid%3CAN%3E22813665%3C%2FAN%3E. Accessed: 20 Jul 2012. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2012.04.004.Suche in Google Scholar
44. Kim J, Smith TW, Kang J. Religious affiliation, religious service attendance, and mortality. J Relig Health 2014;54:1–21.10.1007/s10943-014-9902-7Suche in Google Scholar
45. Benson H. The relaxation response. New York, NY: William Morrow, 1975.Suche in Google Scholar
46. Williams JA, Meltzer D, Arora V, Chung G, Curlin FA. Attention to inpatients’ religious and spiritual concerns: predictors and association with patient satisfaction. J Gen Intern Med 2011;26:1265–71.10.1007/s11606-011-1781-ySuche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
47. Polzer Casarez RL, Engebretson JC. Ethical issues of incorporating spiritual care into clinical practice. J Clin Nurs 2012;21:2099–107.10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04168.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
48. Ramondetta L, Brown A, Richardson G, Urbauer D, Thaker PH, Koenig HG, et al. Religious and spiritual beliefs of gynecologic oncologists may influence medical decision making. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:573–81.10.1097/IGC.0b013e31820ba507Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
49. Saguil A, Phelps K. The spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician 2012;86:546–50.Suche in Google Scholar
50. Taylor D, Mulekar MS, Luterman A, Meyer FN, Richards WO, Rodning CB. Spirituality within the patient-surgeon relationship. J Surg Educ 2011;68:36–43.10.1016/j.jsurg.2010.08.007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
51. Hybels CF, Blazer DG, George LK, Koenig HG. The complex association between religious activities and functional limitations in older adults. Gerontologist 2012;52:676–85.10.1093/geront/gnr156Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
52. Sullivan AR. Mortality differentials and religion in the United States: religious affiliation and attendance. J Sci Study Relig 2010;49:740–53.10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01543.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
53. Koenig HG, George LK, Hays JC, Larson DB, Cohen HJ, Blazer DG. The relationship between religious activities and blood pressure in older adults. Int J Psychiatry Med 1998;28:189–213.10.2190/75JM-J234-5JKN-4DQDSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
54. Balboni TA, Vanderwerker LC, Block SD, Paulk ME, Lathan CS, Peteet JR, et al. Religiousness and spiritual support among advanced cancer patients and associations with end-of-life treatment preferences and quality of life. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:555–60.10.1200/JCO.2006.07.9046Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
55. Trevino KM, Pargament KI, Cotton S, Leonard AC, Hahn J, Caprini-Faigin CA, et al. Religious coping and physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. AIDS Behav 2010;14:379–89.10.1007/s10461-007-9332-6Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
56. El Nawawi NM, Balboni MJ, Balboni TA. Palliative care and spiritual care: the crucial role of spiritual care in the care of patients with advanced illness. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2012;6:269–74.10.1097/SPC.0b013e3283530d13Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
57. Verhagen PJ. The case for more effective relationships between psychiatry, religion and spirituality. Curr Opin Psychiatr 2010;23:550–5.10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833d8b04Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
58. Anandarajah G, Craigie Jr F, Hatch R, Kliewer S, Marchand L, King D, et al. Toward competency-based curricula in patient-centered spiritual care: recommended competencies for family medicine resident education. Acad Med 2010;85:1897–904.10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181fa2dd1Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2016 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Preclinical Studies
- TNF-α modulation by natural bioactive molecules in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
- Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Garcinia cambogia on high fat diet-fed rats
- Attenuation of genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation by rutin in benzo(a)pyrene exposed lungs of mice: plausible role of NF-κB, TNF-α and Bcl-2
- Clinical Studies
- Report on short course in educational methodology for university teachers in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) disciplines – a pilot study conducted at Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India
- Exploring the awareness of research among registered massage therapists in Ontario
- From the conventional to the alternative: exploring patients’ pathways of cancer treatment and care
- A comparison of the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women with multiple sclerosis
- Cumulative effect of short-term and long-term meditation practice in men and women on psychophysiological parameters of electrophotonic imaging: a cross-sectional study
- Case Report
- An 81-year-old woman with chronic illnesses and a strong faith
- Improvement of restless legs syndrome by nabat: a case series and new hypotheses for research
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Preclinical Studies
- TNF-α modulation by natural bioactive molecules in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
- Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Garcinia cambogia on high fat diet-fed rats
- Attenuation of genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation by rutin in benzo(a)pyrene exposed lungs of mice: plausible role of NF-κB, TNF-α and Bcl-2
- Clinical Studies
- Report on short course in educational methodology for university teachers in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) disciplines – a pilot study conducted at Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India
- Exploring the awareness of research among registered massage therapists in Ontario
- From the conventional to the alternative: exploring patients’ pathways of cancer treatment and care
- A comparison of the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women with multiple sclerosis
- Cumulative effect of short-term and long-term meditation practice in men and women on psychophysiological parameters of electrophotonic imaging: a cross-sectional study
- Case Report
- An 81-year-old woman with chronic illnesses and a strong faith
- Improvement of restless legs syndrome by nabat: a case series and new hypotheses for research