Drug-related problems of antibiotic use in gastroenteritis related to patient therapy outcomes at Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital
-
Fivy Kurniawati
,
Nanang Munif Yasin
Abstract
Objectives
Gastroenteritis is a disease of digestive system commonly occur among the people. Some cases of gastroenteritis are caused by bacteria, so it is treated by using antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can be associated to Drug-Related Problems (DRPs). This study aims to identify patterns of potential DRPs of antibiotic use and analyze the effect of potential DRPs of antibiotic use toward the patient’s therapeutic outcomes and length of stay.
Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out by using patient’s medical record. The study population was gastroenteritis patients at the inpatient ward of Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital during January 2018–June 2019. Then, SPSS was employed to analyze the data and the effect of potential DRPs toward therapeutic outcomes was analyzed by utilizing the chi-square method.
Results
More than half of gastroenteritis patients in Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital were identified to have potential DRPs of antibiotic use. The most identified of potential DRPs was problems related to drug selection. Based on the chi-square analysis, there was no relationship between potential DRPs of antibiotic use and the therapeutic outcome. In addition, there was also no relationship between potential DRPs of antibiotic use and patient’s length of stay.
Conclusions
The potential DRPs of antibiotics use do not have a significant effect on the therapeutic outcome and length of stay of the gastroenteritis patients in Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital.
Acknowledgments
Gratitude is due to the Head of UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, who had facilitated this research. We also thank the pharmacy and medical records staffs who had assisted in data collection.
-
Research funding: No funding.
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Ethical approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the medical and research health committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, UGM (Ref. No: KE/FK/0405/EC/2019).
References
1. Shane, AL, Mody, RK, Crump, JA, Tarr, PI, Steiner, TS, Kotloff, K, et al.. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 2017;65:45–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix669.Search in Google Scholar
2. Indonesian Ministry of Health. Situasi diare di Indonesia. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Health; 2011:28–37 pp.Search in Google Scholar
3. Bissonnette, L, Bergeron, MG. Infectious disease management through point-of-care personalized medicine molecular diagnostic technologies. J Personalized Med 2012;2:50–70. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2020050.Search in Google Scholar
4. Leekha, S, Terrell, CL, Edson, RS. General principles of antimicrobial therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 2011;86:156–67. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0639.Search in Google Scholar
5. Barnhill, AE, Brewer, MT, Carlson, SA. Adverse effects of antimicrobials via predictable or idiosyncratic inhibition of host mitochondrial components. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:4046–51. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00678-12.Search in Google Scholar
6. Nunes, BM, Xavier, TC, Martins, RR. Antimicrobial drug-related problems in a neonatal intensive care unit. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2017;29:331–6. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20170040.Search in Google Scholar
7. Ferrández, O, Grau, S, Urbina, O, Mojal, S, Riu, M, Salas, E. Validation of a score to identify inpatients at risk of a drug-related problem during a 4-year period. Saudi Pharmaceut J 2018;26:703–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.020.Search in Google Scholar
8. Guignard, B, Bonnabry, P, Perrier, A, Dayer, P, Desmeules, J, Samer, CF. Drug-related problems identification in general internal medicine: the impact and role of the clinical pharmacist and pharmacologist. Eur J Intern Med 2015;26:399–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.05.012.Search in Google Scholar
9. Sakeena, MH, Bennett, AA, McLachlan, AJ. Non-prescription sales of antimicrobial agents at community pharmacies in developing countries: a systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018;52:771–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.022.Search in Google Scholar
10. Indonesian Ministry of Health. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2406/Menkes/PER/XII. 2011 tentang Pedoman Umum Penggunaan Antibiotik. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Health; 2011:4–10 pp.Search in Google Scholar
11. Yadesa, TM, Gudina, EK, Angamo, MT. Antimicrobial use-related problems and predictors among hospitalized medical in-patients in Southwest Ethiopia: prospective observational study. PloS One 2015;10:e0138385. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138385.Search in Google Scholar
12. Gasson, J, Blockman, M, Willems, B. Antibiotic prescribing practice and adherence to guidelines in primary care in the Cape Town Metro District, South Africa. S Afr Med J 2018;108:304–10. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.2017.v108i4.12564.Search in Google Scholar
13. Kim, YJ, Park, KH, Park, DA, Park, J, Bang, BW, Lee, SS, et al.. Guideline for the antibiotic use in acute gastroenteritis. Infect Chemother 2019;51:217–43. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2019.51.2.217.Search in Google Scholar
14. Li, HK, Agweyu, A, English, M, Bejon, P. An unsupported preference for intravenous antibiotics. PLoS Med 2015;12:e1001825. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001825.Search in Google Scholar
15. Cojutti, PG, Ramos-Martin, V, Schiavon, I, Rossi, P, Baraldo, M, Hope, W, et al.. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin in acutely hospitalized older patients with various degrees of renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017;61:e02134-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02134-16.Search in Google Scholar
16. Timur, WW, Hakim, L, Rahmawati, F. Kajian Drug Related Problems Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Pediatrik di RSUD Kota Semarang. J Farm Sains dan Prakt 2017;3:47–52. https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v3i2.1744.Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Cost of illness of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: a systematic review
- Social media health interventions to improve diabetes mellitus patient outcome: a systematic review
- Developing pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics model of valproic acid syrup based on prediction of population pharmacokinetics parameter and seizure frequency in Indonesian pediatric epilepsy outpatients
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz
- Green tea and its active compound epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibit neuronal apoptosis in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- The effects of quercetin on nicotine-induced reward effects in mice
- Resveratrol ameliorates physical and psychological stress-induced depressive-like behavior
- Translation and cross-cultural adaption of an instrument measuring patient’s well-being under treatment for schizophrenia
- Quercetin promotes behavioral recovery and biomolecular changes of melanocortin-4 receptor in mice with ischemic stroke
- Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors
- Inhibition of Ras and STAT3 activity of 4-(tert-butyl)-N-carbamoylbenzamide as antiproliferative agent in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells
- Predicting the molecular mechanism of glucosamine in accelerating bone defect repair by stimulating osteogenic proteins
- Larvicidal toxicity and parasporal inclusion of native Bacillus thuringiensis BK5.2 against Aedes aegypti
- Synthesis, ADMET predictions, molecular docking studies, and in-vitro anticancer activity of some benzoxazines against A549 human lung cancer cells
- Thymoquinone and its derivatives against breast cancer with HER2 positive: in silico studies of ADMET, docking and QSPR
- Assessment of patient understanding of their conventional cardiac medicines and herbal prepared/derived products: preliminary survey and interviews with selected community-dwelling elderly patients in the Philippines
- The development and validation of the health belief model questionnaire for measuring factors affecting adherence in the elderly with hypertension
- Analysis of the side effect of QTc interval prolongation in the bedaquiline regimen in drug resistant tuberculosis patients
- Shallot skin profilling, computational evaluation of physicochemical properties, ADMET, and molecular docking of its components against P2Y12 receptor
- Analysis of HMGB-1 level before and after providing atorvastatin standard therapy in coronary artery disease patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to without type-2 diabetes mellitus
- Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels among acute heart failure patients with ACE inhibitor therapy (Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya)
- The correlation between self-related adherence, asthma-related quality of life and control of asthma in adult patients
- Providing counseling through home pharmacy care (HPC) for hemodialysis patients with hypertension in lowering blood pressure
- Community knowledge and attitude in recognizing asthma symptoms and using medication for asthma attacks: a cross-sectional study
- A study of anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease
- The association of FKBP5 polymorphism with asthma susceptibility in asthmatic patients
- Gastroprotective effect of fluvoxamine and ondansetron on stress-induced gastric ulcers in mice
- Osteoblast iron genes: real time PCR and microarray hybridization approach under hyperoxia
- Attenuation of hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colonic epithelial cells in DMBA-induced cancer by administering Andrographis paniculata Nees extract using animal model
- N-nitrosodiethylamine induces inflammation of liver in mice
- AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of Echinometra mathaei ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
- Development, characterization, molecular docking, and in vivo skin penetration of coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers using tristearin and stearyl alcohol for dermal delivery
- The effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG on neuronal cell necroptosis in Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) leaves
- Correlation between the exposure time to mobile devices and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes as one of the symptoms of computer vision syndrome among Senior High School students in East Java, Indonesia
- The effect of various high-fat diet on liver histology in the development of NAFLD models in mice
- Fabrication and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked by glutaraldehyde for bone regeneration
- Health related quality of life among postmenopausal woman with hormone responsive HER2− breast cancer in Indonesia
- Gender differences in the blood glucose type 2 diabetes patients with combination rapid and long acting insulin therapy
- Correlation of dietary iron intake and serum iron with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in adult hyperthyroid patients
- The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram
- Variation concentration effect of propyleneglycol, glycerin, and polyethyleneglycol 400 to physical properties and dissolution rate of loratadine liquisolid tablet
- Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers
- Secondary metabolite and antipyretic effects of Maja (Crescentia cujete L.) in fever-induced mice
- Hydration effect on kidney function and serum electrolyte in children with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and risk of TLS
- Drug utilization study and cost analysis of adult β-thalassemia major patient therapy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
- The role of hyperbaric oxygen to platelet aggregation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
- Cocrystal formation of loratadine-succinic acid and its improved solubility
- The role of chondroitin sulfate to bone healing indicators and compressive strength
- The effects of quercetin on the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice
- Analysis of stress ulcer prophylaxis drug regimentation in surgical patients
- The stability and irritability study of the chitosan–Aloe vera spray gel as wound healing
- Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- The thermodynamic study of p-methoxycinnamic acid inclusion complex formation, using β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
- The effect of chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio on physical characteristics and release profile of ketoprofen microparticles prepared by spray drying
- The maximum dose and duration in the therapy single use methotrexate to achieve remission by rheumatoid arthritis patients through disease activity score 28 (DAS28)
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among university students in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
- The impact of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin based bone scaffold as gentamicin delivery system
- Analysis of the use of antibiotics profile and factors of surgical site infections study on digestive and oncology surgeries
- Second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) as genetic marker for molecular characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits from several areas of East Java, Indonesia
- Design of gossypetin derivatives based on naturally occurring flavonoid in Hibiscus sabdariffa and the molecular docking as antibacterial agents
- Discovery of new targeting agents against GAPDH receptor for antituberculosis drug delivery
- The effect of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation time on its activity against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Antibiotic use on acute respiratory tract infection nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea in Primary Health Care Centre in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from Ficus fistulosa leaves
- The characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food as potential probiotics
- Profile of gyrA gene mutation in clinical isolate of levofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli
- Antimicrobial activity of Centella asiatica and Gigantochloa apus
- Drug-related problems of antibiotic use in gastroenteritis related to patient therapy outcomes at Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital
- The impact of suitability of empirical antibiotics use on therapeutic outcome of respiratory tract infection patients at inpatient wards of Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital
- Genetic profile mutation rpoB in clinical isolate of rifampicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy
- Adverse drug reaction and its management in tuberculosis patients with multidrug resistance: a retrospective study
- Analysis of prophylactic antibiotic use and risk factor of postoperative infection in urological surgery patients
- Molecular docking studies of Nigella sativa L and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb secondary metabolites against histamine N-methyltransferase with their ADMET prediction
- Prediction of compounds with antiosteoporosis activity in Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves through in silico approach
- Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of Phyllanthus niruri inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through in silico approach
- Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark exhibited antimalarial activity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts
- Exploration of several plants from Baung Forest on bone formation cell models
- In vitro antimalarial activity of Garcinia parvifolia Miq. Stem extracts and fractions on Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Antioxidant and antiviral potency of Begonia medicinalis fractions
- Artocarpus sericicarpus stem bark contains antimalarial substances against Plasmodium falciparum
- Formulation and characterization of Eleutherine palmifolia extract-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
- Analytical method for the determination of curcumin entrapped in polymeric micellar powder using HPLC
- Challenges in the provision of natural medicines by community pharmacists in East Java Province, Indonesia
- In vitro and in silico analysis of phytochemical compounds of 96% ethanol extract of semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) leaves as a bone formation agent
- Inhibitory activity of Urena lobata leaf extract on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase: in vitro and in silico approach
- Case Report
- Effect of hydrocortisone on hypocorticolism caused by pituitary adenoma
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Cost of illness of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: a systematic review
- Social media health interventions to improve diabetes mellitus patient outcome: a systematic review
- Developing pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics model of valproic acid syrup based on prediction of population pharmacokinetics parameter and seizure frequency in Indonesian pediatric epilepsy outpatients
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz
- Green tea and its active compound epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibit neuronal apoptosis in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- The effects of quercetin on nicotine-induced reward effects in mice
- Resveratrol ameliorates physical and psychological stress-induced depressive-like behavior
- Translation and cross-cultural adaption of an instrument measuring patient’s well-being under treatment for schizophrenia
- Quercetin promotes behavioral recovery and biomolecular changes of melanocortin-4 receptor in mice with ischemic stroke
- Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors
- Inhibition of Ras and STAT3 activity of 4-(tert-butyl)-N-carbamoylbenzamide as antiproliferative agent in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells
- Predicting the molecular mechanism of glucosamine in accelerating bone defect repair by stimulating osteogenic proteins
- Larvicidal toxicity and parasporal inclusion of native Bacillus thuringiensis BK5.2 against Aedes aegypti
- Synthesis, ADMET predictions, molecular docking studies, and in-vitro anticancer activity of some benzoxazines against A549 human lung cancer cells
- Thymoquinone and its derivatives against breast cancer with HER2 positive: in silico studies of ADMET, docking and QSPR
- Assessment of patient understanding of their conventional cardiac medicines and herbal prepared/derived products: preliminary survey and interviews with selected community-dwelling elderly patients in the Philippines
- The development and validation of the health belief model questionnaire for measuring factors affecting adherence in the elderly with hypertension
- Analysis of the side effect of QTc interval prolongation in the bedaquiline regimen in drug resistant tuberculosis patients
- Shallot skin profilling, computational evaluation of physicochemical properties, ADMET, and molecular docking of its components against P2Y12 receptor
- Analysis of HMGB-1 level before and after providing atorvastatin standard therapy in coronary artery disease patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to without type-2 diabetes mellitus
- Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels among acute heart failure patients with ACE inhibitor therapy (Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya)
- The correlation between self-related adherence, asthma-related quality of life and control of asthma in adult patients
- Providing counseling through home pharmacy care (HPC) for hemodialysis patients with hypertension in lowering blood pressure
- Community knowledge and attitude in recognizing asthma symptoms and using medication for asthma attacks: a cross-sectional study
- A study of anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease
- The association of FKBP5 polymorphism with asthma susceptibility in asthmatic patients
- Gastroprotective effect of fluvoxamine and ondansetron on stress-induced gastric ulcers in mice
- Osteoblast iron genes: real time PCR and microarray hybridization approach under hyperoxia
- Attenuation of hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colonic epithelial cells in DMBA-induced cancer by administering Andrographis paniculata Nees extract using animal model
- N-nitrosodiethylamine induces inflammation of liver in mice
- AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of Echinometra mathaei ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
- Development, characterization, molecular docking, and in vivo skin penetration of coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers using tristearin and stearyl alcohol for dermal delivery
- The effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG on neuronal cell necroptosis in Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) leaves
- Correlation between the exposure time to mobile devices and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes as one of the symptoms of computer vision syndrome among Senior High School students in East Java, Indonesia
- The effect of various high-fat diet on liver histology in the development of NAFLD models in mice
- Fabrication and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked by glutaraldehyde for bone regeneration
- Health related quality of life among postmenopausal woman with hormone responsive HER2− breast cancer in Indonesia
- Gender differences in the blood glucose type 2 diabetes patients with combination rapid and long acting insulin therapy
- Correlation of dietary iron intake and serum iron with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in adult hyperthyroid patients
- The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram
- Variation concentration effect of propyleneglycol, glycerin, and polyethyleneglycol 400 to physical properties and dissolution rate of loratadine liquisolid tablet
- Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers
- Secondary metabolite and antipyretic effects of Maja (Crescentia cujete L.) in fever-induced mice
- Hydration effect on kidney function and serum electrolyte in children with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and risk of TLS
- Drug utilization study and cost analysis of adult β-thalassemia major patient therapy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
- The role of hyperbaric oxygen to platelet aggregation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
- Cocrystal formation of loratadine-succinic acid and its improved solubility
- The role of chondroitin sulfate to bone healing indicators and compressive strength
- The effects of quercetin on the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice
- Analysis of stress ulcer prophylaxis drug regimentation in surgical patients
- The stability and irritability study of the chitosan–Aloe vera spray gel as wound healing
- Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- The thermodynamic study of p-methoxycinnamic acid inclusion complex formation, using β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
- The effect of chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio on physical characteristics and release profile of ketoprofen microparticles prepared by spray drying
- The maximum dose and duration in the therapy single use methotrexate to achieve remission by rheumatoid arthritis patients through disease activity score 28 (DAS28)
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among university students in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
- The impact of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin based bone scaffold as gentamicin delivery system
- Analysis of the use of antibiotics profile and factors of surgical site infections study on digestive and oncology surgeries
- Second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) as genetic marker for molecular characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits from several areas of East Java, Indonesia
- Design of gossypetin derivatives based on naturally occurring flavonoid in Hibiscus sabdariffa and the molecular docking as antibacterial agents
- Discovery of new targeting agents against GAPDH receptor for antituberculosis drug delivery
- The effect of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation time on its activity against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Antibiotic use on acute respiratory tract infection nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea in Primary Health Care Centre in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from Ficus fistulosa leaves
- The characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food as potential probiotics
- Profile of gyrA gene mutation in clinical isolate of levofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli
- Antimicrobial activity of Centella asiatica and Gigantochloa apus
- Drug-related problems of antibiotic use in gastroenteritis related to patient therapy outcomes at Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital
- The impact of suitability of empirical antibiotics use on therapeutic outcome of respiratory tract infection patients at inpatient wards of Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital
- Genetic profile mutation rpoB in clinical isolate of rifampicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy
- Adverse drug reaction and its management in tuberculosis patients with multidrug resistance: a retrospective study
- Analysis of prophylactic antibiotic use and risk factor of postoperative infection in urological surgery patients
- Molecular docking studies of Nigella sativa L and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb secondary metabolites against histamine N-methyltransferase with their ADMET prediction
- Prediction of compounds with antiosteoporosis activity in Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves through in silico approach
- Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of Phyllanthus niruri inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through in silico approach
- Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark exhibited antimalarial activity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts
- Exploration of several plants from Baung Forest on bone formation cell models
- In vitro antimalarial activity of Garcinia parvifolia Miq. Stem extracts and fractions on Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Antioxidant and antiviral potency of Begonia medicinalis fractions
- Artocarpus sericicarpus stem bark contains antimalarial substances against Plasmodium falciparum
- Formulation and characterization of Eleutherine palmifolia extract-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
- Analytical method for the determination of curcumin entrapped in polymeric micellar powder using HPLC
- Challenges in the provision of natural medicines by community pharmacists in East Java Province, Indonesia
- In vitro and in silico analysis of phytochemical compounds of 96% ethanol extract of semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) leaves as a bone formation agent
- Inhibitory activity of Urena lobata leaf extract on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase: in vitro and in silico approach
- Case Report
- Effect of hydrocortisone on hypocorticolism caused by pituitary adenoma
