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Altered composition of high-lipid diet may generate reactive oxygen species by disturbing the balance of antioxidant and free radicals

  • Arnab Banerjee , Debasmita Das , Rajarshi Paul , Sandipan Roy , Ankita Bhattacharjee , Shilpi Kumari Prasad , Oly Banerjee , Sandip Mukherjee and Bithin Kumar Maji ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 30, 2020
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 31 Issue 3

Abstract

Background

In the present era, obesity is increasing rapidly, and high dietary intake of lipid could be a noteworthy risk factor for the occasion of obesity, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For a long time, high-lipid diet (HLD) in “fast food” is turning into part of our everyday life. So, we were interested in fulfilling the paucity of studies by means of preliminary evaluation of these three alternative doses of HLD on a rat model and elucidating the possible mechanism of these effects and divulging the most alarming dose.

Methods

Thirty-two rats were taken, and of these, 24 were fed with HLD in three distinctive compositions of edible coconut oil and vanaspati ghee in a ratio of 2:3, 3:2 and 1:1 (n = 8), orally through gavage at a dose of 10 mL/kg body weight for a period of 28 days, whereas the other eight were selected to comprise the control group.

Results

After completion of the experiment, followed by analysis of data it was revealed that hyperlipidemia with increased liver and cardiac marker enzymes, are associated with hepatocellular injury and cardiac damage. The data also supported increased proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). As oxidative stress parameter increased in both liver and heart, there is also an increased in TNF-α due to an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which led to a high production of NO. Moreover, HLD treatment explicitly weakens reasonability of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes conceivably through G0/G1 or S stage capture or perhaps by means of enlistment of sub-G0/G1 DNA fragmentation and a sign of apoptosis.

Conclusions

Based on the outcomes, it tends to be inferred that consequences of the present examination uncovered HLD in combination of 2:3 applies most encouraging systemic damage by reactive oxygen species generation and hyperlipidemia and necroapoptosis of the liver and heart. Hence, outcome of this study may help to formulate health care strategy and warns about the food habit in universal population regarding the use of hydrogenated and saturated fats (vanaspati ghee) in diet.

Keywords: edible coconut oil; high-lipid diet; hyperlipidemia; liver and heart damage; oxidative stress; vanaspati ghee

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to University Grants Commission, Government of India for funding this study [UGC Minor Research Project, Memo No.F.PSW-125/15-16 (ERO)]. The authors are also grateful to Prof. Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay, Vice Chancellor of Amity University, Kolkata, for his continuous encouragement and valuable suggestions. Authors are indebted to Dr. Vansanglura, Principal of Serampore College, for his active administrative support and encouragement during the experiment. Authors are thankful to Prof. Andrew Burd (Retired Professor of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Editor of PMA News; Former Centenary Professor of Regenerative Medicine and Translational Science, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata), Dr. Linda Haung (Skin Bank, Burns Centre, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Dr. Subhadeep Sarker (Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Serampore College), Dr. Sumit Sarkar (Research Biologist, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA), Dr. Kelly Davis (Toxicological Pathology Associates, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA), Dr. Ritesh Kumar Tiwari (CU BD COE manager of the Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta), Dr. Arpan Saha (Medical Officer, Howrah Municipal Corporation), Mr. Sumantra Kumar Ghoshal, Mr. Arghya Manna, Ms. Bornita Das, and Mr. Rathin Maji for their technical help during this study.

  1. Research funding: University Grants Commission, Government of India, funded this study [Memo No.F.PSW-125/15-16 (ERO) as Minor Research Project].

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: Research involving animals complied with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies for the care and use of animals (IAEC approval no. 07/P/S/IAEC/2017).

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Supplementary Material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0141).

Received: 2019-06-07
Accepted: 2020-01-21
Published Online: 2020-03-30

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0141
Keywords for this article
edible coconut oil; high-lipid diet; hyperlipidemia; liver and heart damage; oxidative stress; vanaspati ghee

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Reviews
  2. Dual role of T-type calcium channels in anxiety-related behavior
  3. The use of Huperzia species for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  4. Original Articles
  5. Modulation of key enzymes linked to Parkinsonism and neurologic disorders by Antiaris africana in rotenone-toxified rats
  6. Evaluation of an outpatient department (OPD)-based prescribing pattern of fixed-dose combinations in a tertiary care institute in Central India
  7. Effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide on spatial learning and memory and hippocampal damages in the experimental model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
  8. Allium cepa fraction attenuates STZ-induced dementia via cholinesterase inhibition and amelioration of oxidative stress in mice
  9. Ameliorative effect of methanol stem extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) bullock on scopolamine-induced sub-chronic cognitive deficit in mice
  10. Redox modulating effects of grape juice during aging
  11. Cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of the Ziziphus jujuba fruit on TBHP-induced damage on human fibroblast cells
  12. Ameliorative effect of quercetin, catechin, and taxifolin on rotenone-induced testicular and splenic weight gain and oxidative stress in rats
  13. Altered composition of high-lipid diet may generate reactive oxygen species by disturbing the balance of antioxidant and free radicals
  14. Solanum leaves extracts exhibit antioxidant properties and inhibit monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities (in vitro) in Drosophila melanogaster
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  17. Vietnamese coriander inhibits cell proliferation, survival and migration via suppression of Akt/mTOR pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma
  18. Short Communication
  19. A case report on clozapine-induced ventricular ectopics: a fatal adverse drug reaction
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