Atheromic and lymphoplasmacytic effects of Mangifera indica methanolic leaf extract on the heart of chinchilla rabbits
-
Anthony Ajuluchukwu Ngokere
and
Rebecca Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Mangifera indica on serum concentration of creatine kinase, total white blood cell (WBC) count and lymphocyte counts and the micro-anatomical architecture of the heart in chinchilla rabbits in order to find its safe and toxic levels. A total of 24 Chinchilla rabbits aged 10–14 weeks, divided into four experimental groups were orally administered the doses of none, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract of M. indica, respectively, for 28 days.
Methods: The modified International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method was used to estimate the serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK (-MB)) while the haematology auto-analyser was used to estimate the total WBC count and lymphocyte count. The estimated values were subjected to analysis of variance using the SPSS software application (version 16) and expressed as mean±standard deviation. Tissue sections were stained by phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin and haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques.
Results: The result showed significant increases in serum concentrations of CK (-MB) (12.05±3.11–21.55±9.93 U/L) and total WBC count (5.33±0.66–6.51±0.38 103/μL) when the control group was compared with the treated groups (p<0.05). A significant dose-dependent decrease in the weight of the heart (0.053±0.00–0.041±0.003 kg) was also observed (p<0.05). An insignificant increase was observed in the lymphocyte count (4.47±0.94–5.18±0.76 103/μL) in the blood when compared with the control group (p>0.05). Significant differences were also observed in the body weight of the treated groups (p<0.05). The histopathological findings include atheroma, attenuated vasculature, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, necrotic and fibrotic vascular walls.
Conclusions: Thus, M. indica is indicated to have some health benefits at 500 mg/kg and shows toxicity on the micro-architecture of the heart at a concentration of ≥1000 mg/kg.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the technical support of Prof. R.N. Okigbo (Taxonomist), Department of Botany, and the entire staff of Medical Laboratory Services, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi and that of Medical Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2015 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Neurobehavioural evaluation of Lophira alata (Ochnaceae) stem bark extract in mice
- Cardiovascular Function
- Altered cardiovascular autonomic function in young normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents – Is obesity an additional risk factor?
- Atheromic and lymphoplasmacytic effects of Mangifera indica methanolic leaf extract on the heart of chinchilla rabbits
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and management practices of acute coronary syndrome in a tertiary care hospital
- Oxidative Stress
- Effect of homopterocarpin, an isoflavonoid from Pterocarpuserinaceus, on indices of liver injury and oxidative stress in acetaminophen-provoked hepatotoxicity
- Metabolism
- Activation of insulin signaling and energy sensing network by AICAR, an AMPK activator in insulin resistant rat tissues
- Mature coconut water exhibits antidiabetic and antithrombotic potential via L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in alloxan induced diabetic rats
- Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves improves glucose tolerance, glycogen synthesis and lipid metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Morphological changes in the pancreas and glucose reduction of the aqueous extract of Costus afer leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Immune Response
- Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats
- Immune response modulatory effect of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC: an in vivo experimental study
- Inflammation
- Thymoquinone ameliorates NLRP3-mediated inflammation in the pancreas of albino Wistar rats fed ethanol and high-fat diet
- Miscellaneous
- Perceptions and practices of self-medication in healthcare and nonhealthcare university students in South India
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Neurobehavioural evaluation of Lophira alata (Ochnaceae) stem bark extract in mice
- Cardiovascular Function
- Altered cardiovascular autonomic function in young normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents – Is obesity an additional risk factor?
- Atheromic and lymphoplasmacytic effects of Mangifera indica methanolic leaf extract on the heart of chinchilla rabbits
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and management practices of acute coronary syndrome in a tertiary care hospital
- Oxidative Stress
- Effect of homopterocarpin, an isoflavonoid from Pterocarpuserinaceus, on indices of liver injury and oxidative stress in acetaminophen-provoked hepatotoxicity
- Metabolism
- Activation of insulin signaling and energy sensing network by AICAR, an AMPK activator in insulin resistant rat tissues
- Mature coconut water exhibits antidiabetic and antithrombotic potential via L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in alloxan induced diabetic rats
- Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves improves glucose tolerance, glycogen synthesis and lipid metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Morphological changes in the pancreas and glucose reduction of the aqueous extract of Costus afer leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Immune Response
- Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats
- Immune response modulatory effect of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC: an in vivo experimental study
- Inflammation
- Thymoquinone ameliorates NLRP3-mediated inflammation in the pancreas of albino Wistar rats fed ethanol and high-fat diet
- Miscellaneous
- Perceptions and practices of self-medication in healthcare and nonhealthcare university students in South India
