Abstract
The precision index is the primary basis for judging the GNSS positioning result, and the positioning mean error is usually used as the precision index in practical applications. In order to solve the problem of mismatch between positioning deviation and mean error in the priori situation, this paper proposed a positioning precision calculation method based on the posteriori unit weight variance and deduced the formulas combining sequential adjustment or Kalman filter, respectively. This method uses the characteristic that there are system errors in error corrections to calculate and screen the posterior unit weight variance. This method introduces the system error’s influence into the mean error, which can improve positioning precision. The application of static difference and RTK proved that this method has remarkable effects, which can significantly alleviate the problem of false high precision and improve the reliability of positioning mean errors.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 41674035
Award Identifier / Grant number: 41974030
-
Author contribution: Y. Zheng and X. Yu designed the research; Y. Zheng Performed the research and wrote the paper; J. Wang gave helpful suggestions during the researching process. X. Yu gave helpful suggestions during the writing process and provided final approval of the version to be published.
-
Research funding: This research is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41974030; 41674035).
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. .
-
Availability of data and material: The baseline observation data is available publicly from Hong Kong CORS center (http://www.geodetic.gov.hk/sc/index.htm).
-
Code availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Vivat, A, Tretyak, K, Savchyn, I, Navodych, M, Lano, O. Investigation of determining the accuracy of spatial vectors by the satellite method in a real time mode. J Appl Geodesy 2022;16:351–60. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2022-0003.Search in Google Scholar
2. Ma, X, Wang, Q, Yu, K, He, X, Zhao, L. Research on blunder detection methods of pseudorange observation in GNSS observation domain. Rem Sens 2022;14:5286. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215286.Search in Google Scholar
3. Xie, W, Huang, G, Fu, W, Bao, S, Cui, B, Li, M, et al.. A quality control method based on improved IQR for estimating multi-GNSS real-time satellite clock offset. Measurement 2022;201:111695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111695.Search in Google Scholar
4. Wanninger, L, Thiemig, M, Frevert, V. Multi-frequency quadrifilar helix antennas for cm-accurate GNSS positioning. J Appl Geodesy 2022;16:25–35. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2021-0042.Search in Google Scholar
5. Sama, M, Stombaugh, T. Performance evaluation of A tracking total station as A position reference for dynamic GNSS accuracy testing. Appl Eng Agric 2014;30:557–63.10.13031/aea.30.10596Search in Google Scholar
6. Morozova, K, Jäger, R, Zarins, A, Balodis, J, Varna, I, Silabriedis, G. Evaluation of quasi-geoid model based on astrogeodetic measurements: case of Latvia. J Appl Geodesy 2021;15:319–27. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2021-0030.Search in Google Scholar
7. Jukić, O, Iliev, TB, Sikirica, N, Lenac, K, Špoljar, D, Filjar, R. A method for GNSS positioning performance assessment for location-based services. In: 2020 28th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR). Belgrade: TELECOMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY - TS; 2020:1–4 pp.10.1109/TELFOR51502.2020.9306548Search in Google Scholar
8. Isawi, S, Schuh, H, Männel, B, Sakic, P. Stability analysis of the Iraqi GNSS stations. J Appl Geodesy 2022;16:299–312. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2022-0001.Search in Google Scholar
9. Yang, L, Shen, Y, Li, B, Rizos, C. Simplified algebraic estimation for the quality control of DIA estimator. J Geodesy 2021;95:14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01454-9.Search in Google Scholar
10. Maciuk, K, Vārna, I, Xu, C. Characteristics of seasonal variations and noises of the daily double-difference and PPP solutions. J Appl Geodesy 2021;15:61–73. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2020-0042.Search in Google Scholar
11. Ranran, P, Jiang, H, Hong, Z, Hui, F, Lei, F, He, Y. Research on the positioning accuracy of low cost real time kinematic-global positioning system (RTK-GPS). J Zhejiang Univ (Agric Life Sci Ed) 2018;44:414–22.Search in Google Scholar
12. Wenjin, Q. Network GPS/RTK accuracy testing and evaluation analysis. ChongQing: Southwest Jiaotong University; 2011.Search in Google Scholar
13. Wezka, K, García-Asenjo, L, Próchniewicz, D, Baselga, S, Szpunar, R, Garrigues, P, et al.. EDM-GNSS distance comparison at the EURO5000 calibration baseline: preliminary results. J Appl Geodesy 2023;17:101–9.10.1515/jag-2022-0049Search in Google Scholar
14. Kersten, T, Kobe, M, Gabriel, G, Timmen, L, Schön, S, Vogel, D. Geodetic monitoring of subrosion-induced subsidence processes in urban areas: concept and status report. J Appl Geodesy 2017;11:21–9.10.1515/jag-2016-0029Search in Google Scholar
15. Du, T, Li, H, Yang, B, Su, B, Liu, Y. Error analysis of low-altitude airborne LiDAR point cloud positioning. Surv Mapp Eng 2018;27:25–34.Search in Google Scholar
16. Yang, Y, Yang, C, Ren, X. PNT intelligent services. J Surv Mapp 2021;50:1006–12.Search in Google Scholar
17. Wang, L, Wu, Q, Wu, F, He, X. Noise content assessment in GNSS coordinate time series with autoregressive and heteroscedastic random errors. Geophys J Int 2022;231:856–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac228.Search in Google Scholar
18. Luo, X, Du, J, Monico, J, Xiong, C, Liu, J, Liang, X. ROTI-Based stochastic model to improve GNSS precise point positioning under severe geomagnetic storm activity. Space Weather 2022;20:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003114.Search in Google Scholar
19. Shen, H, Li, S, Li, L, Zhang, W, Tian, Y, Hao, W, et al.. Evaluation of ionospheric-constrained single-frequency PPP enhanced with an improved stochastic model. Earth Sci Inform 2022;15:1671–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-022-00827-2.Search in Google Scholar
20. Zhao, G, Yu, XW, Sun, P. A GNSS stochastic modeling method to account for residual tropospheric delay. Sci Surv Mapp 2020;45:56–61.Search in Google Scholar
21. Li, YS, Nie, Xu, Z, Garcia, R, Adria, Fang. Helmert variance component estimation for multi-GNSS relative positioning. Sensors 2020;20:669. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030669.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
22. Yuanjun, C, Chonghai, Y, Cuilin, K, Wujiao, D. A fast fixation method for whole-period ambiguity based on the posterior variance estimation of virtual observations. J Geodesy Geodyn 2016;36:158–66.Search in Google Scholar
23. Vogel, S, Ernst, D, Neumann, I, Alkhatib, H. Recursive Gauss-Helmert model with equality constraints applied to the efficient system calibration of a 3D laser scanner. J Appl Geodesy 2022;16:37–57. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2021-0026.Search in Google Scholar
24. Yue, C, Dang, Y, Gu, S, Wang, H, Zhang, J. Optimization of undifferenced and uncombined PPP stochastic model based on covariance component estimation. GPS Solut 2022;26:119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01310-7.Search in Google Scholar
25. Zhang, HH, Shi, J. Integrated navigation algorithm with posterior variance and asynchronous fusion. Control Theory Appl 2017;34:1561–7.Search in Google Scholar
26. Zhongfeng, W. Research on internal and external conformity accuracy index in regression analysis. Surv Mapp Eng 2022;31:24–9.Search in Google Scholar
27. Guo, F. Theory and methodology of quality control and quality analysis for GPS precision point positioning. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press; 2016:88–101 pp.Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Investigation of the trade-off between the complexity of the accelerometer bias model and the state estimation accuracy in INS/GNSS integration
- Original Research Articles
- Solution for ill-posed EIV model regularization attending to its decreasing regularization characteristic
- Trajectory evaluation using repeated rail-bound measurements
- Global geopotential models evaluation based on terrestrial gravity data over Ethiopia
- A calculation method for GNSS positioning precision based on the posteriori unit weight variance
- Accuracy and reliability of BeiDou clocks
- Positioning performance with dual-frequency low-cost GNSS receivers
- Estimating 3D displacement vectors from line-of-sight observations with application to MIMO-SAR
- Determination of the height reference surface for the Republic of Albania by using global geopotential models
- An integrated adaptive Kalman filter for improving the reliability of navigation systems
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Investigation of the trade-off between the complexity of the accelerometer bias model and the state estimation accuracy in INS/GNSS integration
- Original Research Articles
- Solution for ill-posed EIV model regularization attending to its decreasing regularization characteristic
- Trajectory evaluation using repeated rail-bound measurements
- Global geopotential models evaluation based on terrestrial gravity data over Ethiopia
- A calculation method for GNSS positioning precision based on the posteriori unit weight variance
- Accuracy and reliability of BeiDou clocks
- Positioning performance with dual-frequency low-cost GNSS receivers
- Estimating 3D displacement vectors from line-of-sight observations with application to MIMO-SAR
- Determination of the height reference surface for the Republic of Albania by using global geopotential models
- An integrated adaptive Kalman filter for improving the reliability of navigation systems