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Schuldfähigkeit trotz fehlender Willensfreiheit? Eine Analyse der Position Ibn Taymiyyas. Mit einer Übersetzung seiner al-Qaṣīda at-tāʾiyya
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Farid Suleiman
Veröffentlicht/Copyright:
5. Mai 2020
Abstract
If all things and events, including human actions, are predetermined by God since pre-eternity, then what space is left for human freedom of will, and hence, for moral responsibility? In the beginning of the 14th century, a non-Muslim scholar, probably of Jewish faith, confronted several Muslim scholars from Damascus and Cairo with precisely this question in versified form. Among them is the well-known Ḥanbalī theologian and jurist Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328), who is said to have responded instantly with a 184-verse poem (of which 125 verses are extant). This article provides an analysis of Ibn Taymiyya’s stance on the question of how it can be said that God is just in predetermining and judging human actions and compares it to that of Faḫr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī. The article ends with the first full translation of the versified question and Ibn Taymiyya’s response into a European language. Both thinkers depart from similar positions, insofar as both deny human free will. However, while Ibn Taymiyya tries to show that the fact that God will hold human beings accountable for their predetermined actions does not go against our inborn sense of justice, ar-Rāzī adduces that fact as part of his strategy to show that God’s actions cannot be subject to rational moral assessment, as they would otherwise have to be declared as senseless and even harmful.
Keywords: Ibn Taymiyya; divine predetermination (qadar); moral responsibility; human will; human natural constitution (fiṭra); Faḫr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī; Naǧm ad-Dīn aṭ-Ṭūfī; theological poem (qaṣīda); al-Qaṣīda at-tāʾiyya
Online erschienen: 2020-05-05
Erschienen im Druck: 2020-05-04
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Titelseiten
- Axel Havemann (February 20, 1949 – October 11, 2019)
- Articles
- Q 30: 2‒5 in Near Eastern Context
- Note sur la réception du Testament d’Abrahamdans la tradition arabo-islamique
- Retrouver et comprendre les textes perdus des historiens arabes : l’exemple du Kitāb al-Futūḥde ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. Abī al-Muhāǧir
- The Life and Times of the Ayyūbid Vizier al-Ṣāḥib b. Shukr
- An Archive in a Book: Documents and Letters from the Early-Mamluk Period
- Schuldfähigkeit trotz fehlender Willensfreiheit? Eine Analyse der Position Ibn Taymiyyas. Mit einer Übersetzung seiner al-Qaṣīda at-tāʾiyya
- Sunnifying ʿAlī: Historiography and Notions of Rebellion in Ibn Kathīr’s Kitāb al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya
- Reviews
- Shahab Ahmed’s Contradictions: A Critical Engagement withWhat Is Islam?
- Muhammad Ali Amir-Moezzi et al. (eds.), L’Esotérisme Shi’ite: ses racines et ses prolongements/Shiʿi Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments, Brepols: Bibliothèque de l’Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, vol. 177, and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, Turnhout: Brepols, 2016, 857 pp., ISBN 978-2-503-56874-4.
- Fozia Bora, Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives, London, I.B. Tauris, 2019, xviii + 250 pp., ISBN 978-1-7845-3730-2.
- Tawfiq Daʿadli, Esoteric Images. Decoding the Late Herat School of Painting, Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture 25, Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2019, 177 pp., index, 40 figures. ISBN 978-90-04-3988-9 (hardback).
- Werner Diem, Fürsprachebriefe in der arabisch-islamischen Welt des 8.‒14. Jahrhunderts: eine sozial- und mentalitätsgeschichtliche Untersuchung, Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2015, 408 S., ISBN: 3-9565012-9-2, 978-3-95650-129-6.
- Avraham Elmakias, The Naval Commanders of Early Islam. A Prosographical Approach, (trans. Limor Yungman), Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2018, 209 pages, including maps and three annexes, ISBN 978-1-4632-0645-1.
- Regula Forster, Wissensvermittlung im Gespräch. Eine Studie zu klassisch-arabischen Dialogen (Islamic History and Civilization 149), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2017, xii+532, ISBN 978-90-04-32670-5
- Robert Haug, The Eastern Frontier. Limits of Empire in Late Antique and Early Medieval Central Asia, London: I.B.Tauris, 2019, xi, 296 pp. 7 maps, ISBN (hardbound) 978-1-7883-1003-1.
- Boris Liebrenz and Christoph Rauch, eds., Manuscripts, Politics and Oriental Studies: Life and Collections of Johann Gottfried Wetzstein (1815‒1905) in Context, (Islamic Manuscripts and Books 19), Leiden/Boston: Brill 2019, XXIII + 437 pp., 99 fig., ISBN 978-90-04-39019-5.
- Jean-Michel Mouton, Dominique Sourdel (†) und Janine Sourdel-Thomine, Propriétés rurales et urbaines à Damas au moyen âge. Un corpus de 73 documents juridiques entre 310/922 et 669/1271, (Documents relatifs à l’histoire des croisades 23), Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2018, ISBN 2877543641.
- Sabine Panzram and Laurent Callegarin (eds.), Entre civitas y madīna. El mundo de las ciudades en la península ibérica y en el norte de África (siglos IV‒IX), Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 2018, XVI‒394 pp., index, maps, and figures, ISBN 9788490962169.
- Sunil Sharma, Mughal Arcadia: Persian Literature in an Indian Court, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017, 280 pp., ISBN 978-0-674-97585-9.
- Nicolai Sinai, The Qurʾan: A Historical-Critical Introduction, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2017, 242 pp., ISBN 978-0-7486-9577-5.
- Farida Stickel, Zwischen Chiliasmus und Staatsräson. Religiöser Wandel unter den Ṣafaviden, Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2019 (Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten 70), XV+305 S., ISBN 978-3-11-052965-4.
- Brian Ulrich, Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire: Exploring al-Azd Tribal Identity, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019, viii, 259 + viii pp. incl. index and two genealogical charts, ISBN 978-1-4744-3679-3.
- Annotated Bibliography “Arabic Papyrology and Diplomatics” New publications 2018 and addenda 2017
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Ibn Taymiyya;
divine predetermination (qadar);
moral responsibility;
human will;
human natural constitution (fiṭra);
Faḫr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī;
Naǧm ad-Dīn aṭ-Ṭūfī;
theological poem (qaṣīda);
al-Qaṣīda at-tāʾiyya
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Titelseiten
- Axel Havemann (February 20, 1949 – October 11, 2019)
- Articles
- Q 30: 2‒5 in Near Eastern Context
- Note sur la réception du Testament d’Abrahamdans la tradition arabo-islamique
- Retrouver et comprendre les textes perdus des historiens arabes : l’exemple du Kitāb al-Futūḥde ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. Abī al-Muhāǧir
- The Life and Times of the Ayyūbid Vizier al-Ṣāḥib b. Shukr
- An Archive in a Book: Documents and Letters from the Early-Mamluk Period
- Schuldfähigkeit trotz fehlender Willensfreiheit? Eine Analyse der Position Ibn Taymiyyas. Mit einer Übersetzung seiner al-Qaṣīda at-tāʾiyya
- Sunnifying ʿAlī: Historiography and Notions of Rebellion in Ibn Kathīr’s Kitāb al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya
- Reviews
- Shahab Ahmed’s Contradictions: A Critical Engagement withWhat Is Islam?
- Muhammad Ali Amir-Moezzi et al. (eds.), L’Esotérisme Shi’ite: ses racines et ses prolongements/Shiʿi Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments, Brepols: Bibliothèque de l’Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, vol. 177, and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, Turnhout: Brepols, 2016, 857 pp., ISBN 978-2-503-56874-4.
- Fozia Bora, Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives, London, I.B. Tauris, 2019, xviii + 250 pp., ISBN 978-1-7845-3730-2.
- Tawfiq Daʿadli, Esoteric Images. Decoding the Late Herat School of Painting, Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture 25, Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2019, 177 pp., index, 40 figures. ISBN 978-90-04-3988-9 (hardback).
- Werner Diem, Fürsprachebriefe in der arabisch-islamischen Welt des 8.‒14. Jahrhunderts: eine sozial- und mentalitätsgeschichtliche Untersuchung, Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2015, 408 S., ISBN: 3-9565012-9-2, 978-3-95650-129-6.
- Avraham Elmakias, The Naval Commanders of Early Islam. A Prosographical Approach, (trans. Limor Yungman), Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2018, 209 pages, including maps and three annexes, ISBN 978-1-4632-0645-1.
- Regula Forster, Wissensvermittlung im Gespräch. Eine Studie zu klassisch-arabischen Dialogen (Islamic History and Civilization 149), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2017, xii+532, ISBN 978-90-04-32670-5
- Robert Haug, The Eastern Frontier. Limits of Empire in Late Antique and Early Medieval Central Asia, London: I.B.Tauris, 2019, xi, 296 pp. 7 maps, ISBN (hardbound) 978-1-7883-1003-1.
- Boris Liebrenz and Christoph Rauch, eds., Manuscripts, Politics and Oriental Studies: Life and Collections of Johann Gottfried Wetzstein (1815‒1905) in Context, (Islamic Manuscripts and Books 19), Leiden/Boston: Brill 2019, XXIII + 437 pp., 99 fig., ISBN 978-90-04-39019-5.
- Jean-Michel Mouton, Dominique Sourdel (†) und Janine Sourdel-Thomine, Propriétés rurales et urbaines à Damas au moyen âge. Un corpus de 73 documents juridiques entre 310/922 et 669/1271, (Documents relatifs à l’histoire des croisades 23), Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2018, ISBN 2877543641.
- Sabine Panzram and Laurent Callegarin (eds.), Entre civitas y madīna. El mundo de las ciudades en la península ibérica y en el norte de África (siglos IV‒IX), Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 2018, XVI‒394 pp., index, maps, and figures, ISBN 9788490962169.
- Sunil Sharma, Mughal Arcadia: Persian Literature in an Indian Court, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017, 280 pp., ISBN 978-0-674-97585-9.
- Nicolai Sinai, The Qurʾan: A Historical-Critical Introduction, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2017, 242 pp., ISBN 978-0-7486-9577-5.
- Farida Stickel, Zwischen Chiliasmus und Staatsräson. Religiöser Wandel unter den Ṣafaviden, Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2019 (Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten 70), XV+305 S., ISBN 978-3-11-052965-4.
- Brian Ulrich, Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire: Exploring al-Azd Tribal Identity, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019, viii, 259 + viii pp. incl. index and two genealogical charts, ISBN 978-1-4744-3679-3.
- Annotated Bibliography “Arabic Papyrology and Diplomatics” New publications 2018 and addenda 2017
