Perceived L2 oral fluency, working memory, foreign language enjoyment and foreign language anxiety: identifying distinct patterns of relationship
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Daphnée Simard
,
Michael Zuniga
Abstract
L2 oral fluency is a core aspect of general oral proficiency. However, it represents a distinct challenge for L2 speakers as it requires a real-time efficient allocation of cognitive resources. Specifically, working memory (WM) plays a crucial role in speech production. These cognitive resources are limited and vary from one speaker to another. Additionally, they have long been shown to interact with foreign language anxiety and foreign language enjoyment, which interact with various aspects of L2 oral production. To our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the relationship that might exist between perceived L2 oral fluency; i.e. listeners’ judgments about L2 speakers’ fluency, WM, foreign language anxiety and foreign language enjoyment. To fill this gap, 78 ESL French-speaking adults were subjected to a picture-based narration task. A flowchart scheme was used to measure perceived L2 oral fluency. WM was measured using a numerical span test, and foreign language anxiety and foreign language enjoyment were measured through a questionnaire. Results show a distinct pattern of interaction between the variables. More specifically, foreign language anxiety significantly predicted perceived L2 oral fluency among participants with a weaker WM, whereas foreign language enjoyment significantly predicted L2 oral fluency among participants with a stronger WM capacity.
Funding source: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Award Identifier / Grant number: 435-2021-1043
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive comments on a previous version of this article. We also wish to thank Drs. Pauliina Peltonen and Clare Wright, the guest editors of this special issue on fluency, for their insightful suggestions. Our heartfelt thanks go to our research assistants, who helped us collect and code the data, and to our participants. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
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Research ethics: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: Grant from the Social sciences and humanities research Council of Canada [# 435-2021-1043].
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Data availability: Data cannot be made available due to our institution’s ethical regulation.
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