Synergistic modification of hydrolyzed keratin-based rigid polyurethane foam with zinc stannate and aluminum hypophosphite to improve its thermal stability and flame retardant properties
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Xu Zhang
,
Shuai Ding
Abstract
Zinc stannate (ZS) was prepared for flame retardant modified rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The flame retardancy and thermal stability performance of the modified RPUFs were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CONE), smoke density (Ds) test and thermogravimetric (TG) differential thermal analyzer. The LOI of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS with 5 wt% hydrolyzed keratin (HK), 7.5 wt% aluminum hypophosphate (AL) and 7.5 wt% ZS increased from 26.1 % to 27.2 %. At 50 kW/m2 radiant intensity, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the lowest peak heat release rate (PHRR) and heat release rate (THR), which were 108.17 kW/m2 and 2.56 MJ/m2, respectively. In addition, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the highest initial decomposition temperature of 191.24 °C and the largest activation energy (E) of 148.16 kJ/mol. Under flameless condition, the maximum Ds of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS was 31.25, and its light transmittance was also the highest, i.e., 57.89 %. Therefore, ZS/AL was selected as a synergistic flame retardant system to modify the RPUF, and promotes the development of high-performance building materials.
Acknowledgments
The financial support from Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (Grant No. JYTMS20230261) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Liaoning Province are greatly acknowledged.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (Grant No. JYTMS20230261) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Liaoning Province
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- A comprehensive review on residence time distributions in co-rotating twin-screw extrusion
- Research Articles
- Tearing properties, crystallization behavior, microstructure, and morphology of LLDPE with different short branched chain distributions
- Synergistic modification of hydrolyzed keratin-based rigid polyurethane foam with zinc stannate and aluminum hypophosphite to improve its thermal stability and flame retardant properties
- Effect of mixing temperature on the dispersion and degradation behaviors of HDPE/UHMWPE blends
- Properties of polyphenylene sulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites: a comparison between compression molding and microinjection molding
- Improvement of the thermal and mechanical behaviour of polystyrene (PS)-based nanocomposite films by modification of the composition and type of nanofiller
- Thermally conductive, mechanically robust alumina-incorporated polyurethane films prepared by ultraviolet light curing
- Flame retardant polyurethane foam prepared from compatible blends of ammonium ligninsulfonate-based and zinc alginate
- Optical, electrical, dielectric and mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose/starch based biocomposite films
- An innovative multilayered material fabricated through additive manufacturing for structural applications: method and mechanical properties
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- A comprehensive review on residence time distributions in co-rotating twin-screw extrusion
- Research Articles
- Tearing properties, crystallization behavior, microstructure, and morphology of LLDPE with different short branched chain distributions
- Synergistic modification of hydrolyzed keratin-based rigid polyurethane foam with zinc stannate and aluminum hypophosphite to improve its thermal stability and flame retardant properties
- Effect of mixing temperature on the dispersion and degradation behaviors of HDPE/UHMWPE blends
- Properties of polyphenylene sulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites: a comparison between compression molding and microinjection molding
- Improvement of the thermal and mechanical behaviour of polystyrene (PS)-based nanocomposite films by modification of the composition and type of nanofiller
- Thermally conductive, mechanically robust alumina-incorporated polyurethane films prepared by ultraviolet light curing
- Flame retardant polyurethane foam prepared from compatible blends of ammonium ligninsulfonate-based and zinc alginate
- Optical, electrical, dielectric and mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose/starch based biocomposite films
- An innovative multilayered material fabricated through additive manufacturing for structural applications: method and mechanical properties
