Synergistic modification of hydrolyzed keratin-based rigid polyurethane foam with zinc stannate and aluminum hypophosphite to improve its thermal stability and flame retardant properties

Xu Zhang; Shuai Ding; Zhaoqian Wang; Chen Xu; Zhi Wang; Hua Xie

doi:10.1515/ipp-2024-0059

Article

Synergistic modification of hydrolyzed keratin-based rigid polyurethane foam with zinc stannate and aluminum hypophosphite to improve its thermal stability and flame retardant properties

Xu Zhang , Shuai Ding , Zhaoqian Wang , Chen Xu , Zhi Wang and Hua Xie

Published/Copyright: August 20, 2024

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From the journal International Polymer Processing Volume 39 Issue 5

Abstract

Zinc stannate (ZS) was prepared for flame retardant modified rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The flame retardancy and thermal stability performance of the modified RPUFs were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CONE), smoke density (Ds) test and thermogravimetric (TG) differential thermal analyzer. The LOI of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS with 5 wt% hydrolyzed keratin (HK), 7.5 wt% aluminum hypophosphate (AL) and 7.5 wt% ZS increased from 26.1 % to 27.2 %. At 50 kW/m² radiant intensity, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the lowest peak heat release rate (PHRR) and heat release rate (THR), which were 108.17 kW/m² and 2.56 MJ/m², respectively. In addition, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the highest initial decomposition temperature of 191.24 °C and the largest activation energy (E) of 148.16 kJ/mol. Under flameless condition, the maximum Ds of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS was 31.25, and its light transmittance was also the highest, i.e., 57.89 %. Therefore, ZS/AL was selected as a synergistic flame retardant system to modify the RPUF, and promotes the development of high-performance building materials.

Keywords: polyurethane foam; zinc stannate; flame retardant performance; thermal stability; aluminum hypophosphate

Corresponding author: Xu Zhang, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; and School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China, E-mail: xuzhang@sau.edu.cn

Acknowledgments

The financial support from Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (Grant No. JYTMS20230261) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Liaoning Province are greatly acknowledged.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (Grant No. JYTMS20230261) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Liaoning Province
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2024-04-23

Accepted: 2024-06-21

Published Online: 2024-08-20

Published in Print: 2024-11-26

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2024-0059

Keywords for this article

polyurethane foam; zinc stannate; flame retardant performance; thermal stability; aluminum hypophosphate