Development and characterization of glass fiber composites impregnated with limestone powder and bagasse fiber
-
Velmurugan Govindan
,
Karunakaran Periyagounder
Abstract
Materials development is essential for all industries to meet the current demands Limestone powder (LS), coconut shell fiber (CSF) and sugarcane bagasse fiber (SBF) were impregnated in a laminated glass fiber polymer matrix. The fiber to matrix ratio is 50 %, while SBF and CSF start replacing natural fibers at a rate of 5–15 %, and LS is always 5 %. The proposed fiber-reinforced composites were manufactured by compression molding (CMM) and the test samples were cut according to the ASTM for tensile, impact, moisture, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) tests. The results showed that the strength of the materials is influenced by the impregnation of the fibers into the matrix phase. Impregnation of natural fibers in glass fiber composite structures at 10–15 % loading demonstrated a weight saving of 7–8 %, tensile strength ranging from 330 to 350 MPa, maximum moisture absorption of 3.4 g, and thermal stability around 300 °C. Addition of limestone powder resulted in improved bonding ability, better surface finish, and reduced porosity, as demonstrated by SEM analysis.
Acknowledgments
Heartfelt thanks to Excel Engineering College Collaborative Research Laboratory of Aeronautical Engineering Department for providing all necessary facilities.
-
Research ethics: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: This work was supported by Excel Engineering College (EEC/R&D/Lab facility/02).
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
Afkari, A.S., Juwono, A.L., and Roseno, S. (2022). Effect of fibre stacking orientation on the mechanical and thermal properties of laminated kenaf fibre/epoxy composites. Adv. Mater. Process. Technol. 9: 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2022.2129822.Suche in Google Scholar
Annual Book of ASTM Standards (2002–2005). 9th ed. 15. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (PA).Suche in Google Scholar
Belaadi, A. and Saaidia, A. (2022). Modeling moisture absorption of flax/sisal reinforced hybrid biocomposites using Fick’s and ANN methods. J. Nat. Fibers 20: 2140322, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2140322.Suche in Google Scholar
Chun, K.S., Husseinsyah, S., and Osman, H. (2012). Mechanical and thermal properties of coconut shell powder filled polylactic acid biocomposites: effects of the filler content and silane coupling agent. J. Polym. Res. 19: 9859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-012-9859-8.Suche in Google Scholar
Chun, K.S., Husseinsyah, S., and Azizi, F.N. (2013). Characterization and properties of recycled polypropylene/coconut shell powder composites: effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate modification. Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 52: 287–294, https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012.749282.Suche in Google Scholar
Collier, B.J., Collier, J.R., Agarwal, P., and Lo, Y.-W. (1992). Extraction and evaluation of fibres from sugar cane. Text. Res. J. 62: 741–748, https://doi.org/10.1177/004051759206201207.Suche in Google Scholar
Cunha, J.A.P., Silva, T.C., Costa, M.L., and Rezende, M.C. (2021). Ageing effects after ozone and water immersion on tensile strength at room and high temperatures of carbon/epoxy F8552 laminates. J. Compos. Mater. 55: 145–156, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998320943947.Suche in Google Scholar
Devadiga, D.G., Subrahmanya Bhat, K., and Mahesha, G.T. (2020). Sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced composites: recent advances and applications. Cogent Eng. 7: 1823159, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1823159.Suche in Google Scholar
Irudaya Raj, F., Appadurai, L.P., and Thanu, C. (2023). Mechanical characterization of randomly oriented short Sansevieria Trifasciata natural fibre composites. Int. Polym. Process. 38: 564–581, https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2023-4377.Suche in Google Scholar
Ishida, O., Kitada, J., Nunotani, K., and Uzawa, K. (2021). Impregnation and resin flow analysis during compression process for thermoplastic composite production. Adv. Compos. Mater. 30: 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1080/09243046.2020.1752964.Suche in Google Scholar
Jawaid, M., Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., Abu Bakar, A., and Noorunnisa Khanam, P. (2011). Chemical resistance, void content and tensile properties of oil palm/jute fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites. Mater. Des. 32: 1014–1019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.07.033.Suche in Google Scholar
Khalina, M., Beheshty, M.H., and Salimi, A. (2019). The effect of reactive diluent on mechanical properties and microstructure of epoxy resins. Polym. Bull. 76: 3905–3927, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2577-6.Suche in Google Scholar
Ku, H., Wang, H., Pattarachaiyakoop, N., and Trada, M. (2021). A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos. Part B 42:856–873 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.01.010(2011).Suche in Google Scholar
Lakshumu Naidu, A. and Srinivas, K. (2018). Experimental study of the mechanical properties of banana fiber and groundnut shell ash reinforced epoxy hybrid composite. Int. J. Eng. 31: 659–665.10.5829/ije.2018.31.04a.18Suche in Google Scholar
Lascano, D., Balart, R., Garcia-Sanoguera, D., Agüero, A., Boronat, T., and Montanes, N. (2021). Manufacturing and characterization of hybrid composites with basalt and flax fabrics and a partially bio-based epoxy resin. Fibers Polym. 22: 751–763, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0209-5.Suche in Google Scholar
Latif, M., Naga Kumar, C., Prabhakar, M.N., and Song, J. (2019). Development of hybrid composites with improved mechanical and self-healing properties. Fibers Polym. 20: 413–420, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8734-1.Suche in Google Scholar
Manickaraj, K., Ramamoorthi, R., Sathish, S., and Johnson Santhosh, A. (2023). A comparative study on the mechanical properties of African teff and snake grass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites: effect of bio castor seed shell/glass/SiC fillers. Int. Polym. Process. 38: 551–563, https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2023-4343.Suche in Google Scholar
Mansoori, A., Moein, M.M., and Mohseni, E. (2021). Effect of micro silica on fiber-reinforced self-compacting composites containing ceramic waste. J. Compos. Mater. 55: 95–107, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998320944570.Suche in Google Scholar
Marichelvam, M.K., Manimaran, P., Verma, Akarsh, Sanjay, M.R., Siengchin, S., Kandakodeeswaran, K., and Geetha, M. (2021). A novel palm sheath and sugarcane bagasse fiber based hybrid composites for automotive applications: an experimental approach. Polym. Compos. 42: 512–552, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25843.Suche in Google Scholar
Nadzri, S.N.I.H.A., Sultan, M.T.B.H., Shah, A.U.M., Safri, S.N.A., Talib, A.R.A., Jawaid, M., and Basri, A.A. (2022). A comprehensive review of coconut shell powder composites: preparation, processing, and characterization. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 35: 2641–2664, https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705720930808.Suche in Google Scholar
Öztoprak, N. (2022). Novel AA7075/AA2124-SiC-17p laminated structures for aerospace applications: a comparative study into the mechanical performance of PA6 and PA66 composite interlayers. J. Compos. Mater. 56: 4547–4559, https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983221135050.Suche in Google Scholar
Rafiquzzaman, Md., Maksudul Islam, Md., Habibur Rahman, Md., Saniat Talukdar, Md., and Nahid Hasan, Md. (2016). Mechanical property evaluation of glass–jute fiber reinforced polymer composites. Polym. Adv. Technol. 27: 1308–1316, https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3798.Suche in Google Scholar
Rubio-González, C., Chávez, F., Ruiz, A., José-Trujillo, E., Rodríguez-González, J.A., and Ruiz, A. (2021). Impact behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy composites and fiber metal laminates with open holes. Fibers Polym. 22: 772–785, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0343-0.Suche in Google Scholar
Sathees Kumar, S. and Kanagaraj, G. (2016). Evaluation of mechanical properties and characterization of SiC reinforced PA6 polymer composites and its engineering applications. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 21: 378–386, https://doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2016.1160671.Suche in Google Scholar
Sharma, B., Malik, P., and Jain, P. (2019). To study the effect of processing conditions on structural and mechanical characterization of graphite and graphene oxide-reinforced PVA nanocomposite. Polym. Bull. 76: 3841–3855, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2582-9.Suche in Google Scholar
Thanu, C., Raj, F.I., Appadurai, and Pushparaj, L. (2023). Mechanical strength enhancement of natural fibre composites via localized hybridization with stitch reinforcement. Int. Polym. Process. 38: 539–550, https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2023-4371.Suche in Google Scholar
Velmurugan, G., Karunakaran, P., Sampath, P.S., and Varahamoorthi, R. (2023). Experimental study of sugarcane bagasse fiber with rice husk and wood powder polymer matrix composite. J. Nat. Fibers 20: 2224977, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2023.2224977.Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, B.J. and Young, W.B. (2022). The natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite made of woven bamboo fiber and polypropylene. Fibers Polym. 23: 155–163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0982-1.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Epoxy vitrimers: from essence to utility
- Research Articles
- Tamarind seed powder as filler in polypropylene and its impact on the mechanical and biodegradability of the composites
- Development and characterization of glass fiber composites impregnated with limestone powder and bagasse fiber
- Hyaluronic acid/κ-carrageenan films for mupirocin-controlled delivery
- Temperature field study and numerical computation of carbon fiber epoxy composite materials under unilateral thermal radiation
- 2D dendritic thermal growth pulsations: diffusion field associated with the transport of heat for application in organic-based systems
- Influence of different surface textures on wettability of UHMWPE and POM- an experimental study
- Use of machine learning methods for modelling mechanical parameters of PLA and PLA/native potato starch compound using aging data
- Influence of the viscosity of polymer melts on the coextrusion process based on wall slip conditions
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Epoxy vitrimers: from essence to utility
- Research Articles
- Tamarind seed powder as filler in polypropylene and its impact on the mechanical and biodegradability of the composites
- Development and characterization of glass fiber composites impregnated with limestone powder and bagasse fiber
- Hyaluronic acid/κ-carrageenan films for mupirocin-controlled delivery
- Temperature field study and numerical computation of carbon fiber epoxy composite materials under unilateral thermal radiation
- 2D dendritic thermal growth pulsations: diffusion field associated with the transport of heat for application in organic-based systems
- Influence of different surface textures on wettability of UHMWPE and POM- an experimental study
- Use of machine learning methods for modelling mechanical parameters of PLA and PLA/native potato starch compound using aging data
- Influence of the viscosity of polymer melts on the coextrusion process based on wall slip conditions
