Abstract
In many European countries, integration policies focus on getting refugees quickly into the labour market. In order to accomplish this, refugees in Denmark are placed in work internships. Based on fieldwork in an integration programme that combines mandatory Danish language classes with so-called “language internships”, where refugees do work internships for the purpose of learning Danish at work, the present study takes a critical look at discourses and positionings related to refugee access to the Danish labour market. The study finds clear evidence of an employability discourse which emphasises individual responsibility for employment while downplaying structural factors. Paradoxically, the employability discourse positions the refugees on the one hand as unemployable because of their lack of Danish language competence and hence as marginalised and relatively powerless. On the other hand, in this same discourse, they are repeatedly positioned as agents responsible for creating their own opportunities, including employment opportunities, while the language internships are constructed as a means of gaining employment and being able to leave the unemployment system. By investigating acts of positioning by participants in the integration programme and comparing them with discourses on language, work and integration in Denmark, the study concludes that despite intentions about the internships leading to employment and thus empowerment, the language internships lead to decapitalisation and marginalisation for the refugee participants.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Spencer Hazel, Katherine Kappa, Kamilla Kraft and Janus Mortensen for their input to this work during discussions within the TMC project team, and Sirin Eissa, Ida Moth Kej and Solvej Helleshøj Sørensen for invaluable assistance with transcriptions and translations. I would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and the special issue guest editors, Mi-Cha Flubacher and, again, Kamilla Kraft, for comments on previous versions of the article. All remaining shortcomings of course remain my responsibility.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- The promise of language: Betwixt empowerment and the reproduction of inequality
- “Good schooling” in a race, gender, and class perspective: The reproduction of inequality at a former Model C school in South Africa
- Language, employability and positioning in a Danish integration programme
- “If they could, they would put them on a drip with Dutch”: Language learning and the professional integration of migrants in Flanders
- Multilingualism in Luxembourg: (Dis)empowering Cape Verdean migrants at work and beyond
- Desire and confusion: A sociolinguistic ethnography on affect in the ethnic economy of Thai massage
- Language as a resource with fluctuating values: Arabic speakers in humanitarian and social work
- Transience and Tunnel Esperanto: A study of multilingualism, work and relationship-building on a tunnel mining project
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- The promise of language: Betwixt empowerment and the reproduction of inequality
- “Good schooling” in a race, gender, and class perspective: The reproduction of inequality at a former Model C school in South Africa
- Language, employability and positioning in a Danish integration programme
- “If they could, they would put them on a drip with Dutch”: Language learning and the professional integration of migrants in Flanders
- Multilingualism in Luxembourg: (Dis)empowering Cape Verdean migrants at work and beyond
- Desire and confusion: A sociolinguistic ethnography on affect in the ethnic economy of Thai massage
- Language as a resource with fluctuating values: Arabic speakers in humanitarian and social work
- Transience and Tunnel Esperanto: A study of multilingualism, work and relationship-building on a tunnel mining project