Indigenous Tewa language regimes across time: Persistence and transformation
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Paul V. Kroskrity
Abstract
This article attempts to trace and understand the historical development and transformation of the regimes of language Indigenous to the Village of Tewa (northeastern Arizona). It examines the social institutions and cultural practices that first cultivated a particular set of language ideologies and linguistic practices in the precolonial period. It also tracks more recent transformations involving contemporary Tewa adaptations to inclusion in the federally recognized Hopi Tribe and to the hegemony of the larger nation-state. Critical to my argument is the role of theocratic institutions and Indigenous social organization (e.g., clans and moieties) in providing a foundation for ideological production and elaboration. This account provides a better analysis of Tewa linguistic resistance to Spanish colonization than that of Edward Dozier, who attributed language contact outcomes to the historical circumstances of Spanish colonial oppression rather than to the expression of Indigenous language ideologies, including their regimes of temporalization and the crossing of temporal borders in subjective history.
Funding statement: I gratefully acknowledge funding for research conducted between 2010 and 2013 from a UCLA Academic Senate Grant and Institute of American Cultures Grant administered through UCLA’s American Indian Studies Center. But as this is also a retrospective article surveying research over four decades, I would also like to gratefully acknowledge support from the Anthropology Department of Indiana University, the Phillips Fund of the American Philosophical Society, NSF, and the Elizabeth and Melville Jacobs Fund of the Whatcom Museum of Science and Art.
Acknowledgments
First, I want to express my gratitude to many members of the Village of Tewa and the Village of Tewa Board of Directors, including Chairman Alfonso Sakeva, for providing encouragement, support, and approval of my linguistic research in their community since 2012. In addition, I also want to express my gratitude to the many Tewa people, some now deceased, who have talked with me over the past four decades about their heritage language. These include the late Dewey Healing, Albert Yava, Phillip Healing, Edith Nash, and Juanita Healing, and also Village of Tewa people with whom I am privileged to work more recently: Randall Mahle, Donovan Gomez, Carlton Timms, Ronald Adams Sr., Evangeline Nuvayestewa, Antonio Maho, and Louis Youvella. For inviting me to contribute to this special issue, I want to thank Serafin Coronel-Molina. Finally, I also want to thank Jocelyn Ahlers, Netta Avineri, and an anonymous reviewer for comments and critiques on earlier versions of this article. All deficiencies are solely my responsibility.
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© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction: Indigenous language regimes in the Americas
- Indigenous Tewa language regimes across time: Persistence and transformation
- Oppressed no more? Indigenous language regimentation in plurinational Bolivia
- On language regimes in the Americas: Mexicano illustrations
- Changing livelihoods and language repertoires: hunting, fishing and gold mining in the southeast Peruvian Amazon
- Kib’eyal taq ch’ab’äl: Mayan language regimes in Guatemala
- Book Reviews
- Teresa L. McCarty: Language planning and policy in Native America: History, theory, and practice
- Regina Cortina: education of indigenous citizens in Latin America
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction: Indigenous language regimes in the Americas
- Indigenous Tewa language regimes across time: Persistence and transformation
- Oppressed no more? Indigenous language regimentation in plurinational Bolivia
- On language regimes in the Americas: Mexicano illustrations
- Changing livelihoods and language repertoires: hunting, fishing and gold mining in the southeast Peruvian Amazon
- Kib’eyal taq ch’ab’äl: Mayan language regimes in Guatemala
- Book Reviews
- Teresa L. McCarty: Language planning and policy in Native America: History, theory, and practice
- Regina Cortina: education of indigenous citizens in Latin America
