Abstract
Tibet’s linguistic diversity is undergoing drastic transformations in the twenty-first century. In this article, I begin my examination of this issue by outlining the extent of Tibet’s linguistic diversity, including not only its numerous Tibetic languages, but also its non-Tibetic minority languages. Using a “language ecology” approach, I examine the mechanisms that have produced and maintained this diversity, as well as the ways this diversity was spatially and socially patterned. I argue that these processes and patterns were largely maintained up until the twenty-first century, when the Chinese state’s program to “Open the West” unleashed an ideologically driven modernization program on Tibet, radically altering its language ecology. I argue that the present trends emerging from this process are likely to continue throughout the twenty-first century, resulting in both language loss and the emergence of new languages, leaving the overall language ecology fundamentally altered by the beginning of the twenty-second century. It is hoped that this article will not only provide a useful framework for future discussions on linguistic diversity in Tibet, but will also focus attention on the challenges facing individual languages in Tibet today.
Acknowledgements
This special issue is based on papers that were given at the workshop “Minority Languages of the Chinese Tibetosphere: Ancient Trends, Contemporary Developments, and Future Prospects”, held on 3 and 4 November 2014, at the Hugo Valentin Centre of Uppsala University, and funded by a Research Initiation Grant from the Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (#F14-1339:1). My introductory essay benefitted greatly from the feedback of two anonymous reviewers and my colleagues at the Hugo Valentin Centre. I also presented sections of this work at the Tibetan Studies Outreach program at SOAS, Oxford University, Le Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l’Asie orientale, Humboldt University (Berlin), and Jagiellonian University, and received much thoughtful feedback from the people who attended those talks. Special thanks go to Lara Maconi and Elena McKinlay for their comments on the draft paper. All remaining errors are my own.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction: the transformation of Tibet’s language ecology in the twenty-first century
- Henan Oirat: a shrinking pool of unique linguistic features
- Language evolution and vitality of Lhagang Tibetan: a Tibetic language as a minority in Minyag Rabgang
- Variation, contact, and change in language varieties in Yul shul (northern Khams)
- Is Lhasa Tibetan Sign Language emerging, endangered, or both?
- Language vitality and glottonyms in the Ethnic Corridor: The rTa'u language
- Social network structure and language change in Amdo Tibetan
- Book Review
- Yangbin Chen: Minority education in China: balancing unity and diversity in an era of critical pluralism
- Small languages and small language communities 82 Editor: Bernadette O’Rourke
- Language management and language managers: who are the Irish language managers in Breacbhaile?
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction: the transformation of Tibet’s language ecology in the twenty-first century
- Henan Oirat: a shrinking pool of unique linguistic features
- Language evolution and vitality of Lhagang Tibetan: a Tibetic language as a minority in Minyag Rabgang
- Variation, contact, and change in language varieties in Yul shul (northern Khams)
- Is Lhasa Tibetan Sign Language emerging, endangered, or both?
- Language vitality and glottonyms in the Ethnic Corridor: The rTa'u language
- Social network structure and language change in Amdo Tibetan
- Book Review
- Yangbin Chen: Minority education in China: balancing unity and diversity in an era of critical pluralism
- Small languages and small language communities 82 Editor: Bernadette O’Rourke
- Language management and language managers: who are the Irish language managers in Breacbhaile?