Characteristics of internal flow of nozzle integrated with aircraft under transonic flow
-
Zijie Li
and
Hao Wang
Abstract
To reveal how aircraft affects the internal flow of the ejector nozzle, we have constructed three model types in this article. These include the model of SR-71 aircraft, the model that only contains ejector nozzle with third auxiliary valve, and the model that integrates the previous two. The results showed that in the transonic regime (M a = 1.2), the third auxiliary flow mainly stems from the boundary layer of the aircraft body. Indeed, a large-scale flow separation phenomenon near the third auxiliary door may require a more nuanced description. The mainstream flow is always in an overexpansion state and results in a Mach plate structure at the exit of the nozzle. However, after integration, the rates of the third auxiliary and the secondary flow are reduced by 18.15% and 5.26%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mainstream flow demonstrates higher overexpansion levels, the position of the Mach plate further downstream changes, and the thrust coefficient decreases by 1.75%. It is worthwhile noting that a strong pressure gradient occurs in the circumferential direction near the connecting structure, which induces lateral flow. This lateral flow breaks away from the wall under the reverse pressure gradient of the nozzle, thus forming three vortex pairs.
-
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
[1] A. J. Kentfield, “Nozzles for jet-lift V/STOL aircraft,” J. Aircraft, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 283–291, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43836.Search in Google Scholar
[2] M. Takahashi, T. Sunami, H. Tanno, T. Komuro, and K. Itoh, “Performance characteristics of a scramjet engine at Mach 10 to 15 flight condition,” in AIAA 2005-3350, 2005.10.2514/6.2005-3350Search in Google Scholar
[3] C. E. Cockrell, A. H. Auslender, R. W. Guy, C. R. Mcclinton, and S. S. Welch, “Technology roadmap for dual-mode scramjet propulsion to support space-access vision vehicle development,” in AIAA, 2002.10.2514/6.2002-5188Search in Google Scholar
[4] L. Foster, J. Saunders, B. Sanders, and L. Weir, “Highlights from a Mach 4 experimental demonstration of inlet mode transition for turbine-based combined cycle hypersonic propulsion,” in AIAA, 2012.10.2514/6.2012-4143Search in Google Scholar
[5] A. Takakage, T. Hideyuki, and M. Masataka, “The rationale for a hypersonic air-breathing vehicle technology maturization,” in AIAA 2008-2579, 2008.Search in Google Scholar
[6] W. H. Heiser, “Ejector thrust augmentation,” J. Propul. Power, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1325–1330, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.50144.Search in Google Scholar
[7] J. Wilson, A. Sgondea, D. E. Paxson, and B. N. Rosenthal, “Parametric investigation of thrust augmentation by ejectors on a pulsed detonation tube,” J. Propul. Power, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 108–115, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.19670.Search in Google Scholar
[8] H. Viets, “Thrust augmenting ejector analogy,” J. Aircraft, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 409–411, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44603.Search in Google Scholar
[9] P. K. Ajay, W. L. John, T. Christopher, and R. Venkatraman, “A reusable, rocket and airbreathing combined cycle hypersonic vehicle design for access-to-space,” in AIAA 2010-8905, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
[10] T. Ming, A. H. Booz, and L. C. Ramon, “The quest for hypersonic flight with air-breathing propulsion,” in AIAA 2008-2546, 2008.Search in Google Scholar
[11] R. Arun Kumar and G. Rajesh, “Physics of vacuum generation in zero-secondary flow ejectors,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 30, p. 066102, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5030073.Search in Google Scholar
[12] S. K. Karthick, S. M. V. Rao, G. Jagadeesh, and K. P. J. Reddy, “Parametric experimental studies on mixing characteristics within a low area ratio rectangular supersonic gaseous ejector,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 28, no. 7, p. 076101, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954669.Search in Google Scholar
[13] J. Chen, Z. G. Wang, W. U. Jiping, and X. U. Wanwu, “Effect of the second-throat on the performance of supersonic-supersonic ejectors,” Sci. China Technol. Sci., vol. 55, no. 009, pp. 2530–2537, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-4975-6.Search in Google Scholar
[14] C. Jian, J. Wu, Z. Wang, and W. Luo, “The effect of secondary flows on the starting pressure for a second-throat supersonic ejector[J],” J. Therm. Sci., vol. 20, no. 006, pp. 503–509, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-011-0502-5.Search in Google Scholar
[15] B. Anderson, “Factors which influence the analysis and design of ejector nozzles,” in NASA TM X-67976, 1972.10.2514/6.1972-46Search in Google Scholar
[16] W. Da and Z. Dong, “Analysis of the performance of aerodynamically variable nozzle,” Acta Aeronautica Astronautica Sinica, pp. 32–37, 1987.Search in Google Scholar
[17] W. Da, “Analytical and experimental investigation of supersonic ejector nozzle,” J. Eng. Thermophys., pp. 245–254, 1980.Search in Google Scholar
[18] L. E. Stitt, “Exhaust nozzles for propulsion systems with emphasis on supersonic cruise aircraft,” in NASA Reference Publication 1235, 1990.Search in Google Scholar
[19] S. Candel, “Concorde and the future of supersonic transport,” J. Propul. Power, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 59–68, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.9180.Search in Google Scholar
[20] W. Zhou, Computational and Experimental Study on a Variable Nozzle for TBCC with Tandem Layout, Nanjing, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
[21] M. Tobak and D. J. Peake, “Topology of three-dimensional separated flows,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 61–85, 1982, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.000425.Search in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Research Articles
- Testing of logarithmic-law for the slip with friction boundary condition
- A new clique polynomial approach for fractional partial differential equations
- The modified Rusanov scheme for solving the phonon-Bose model
- Delta-shock for a class of strictly hyperbolic systems of conservation laws
- The Cădariu–Radu method for existence, uniqueness and Gauss Hypergeometric stability of a class of Ξ-Hilfer fractional differential equations
- Novel periodic and optical soliton solutions for Davey–Stewartson system by generalized Jacobi elliptic expansion method
- The simulation of two-dimensional plane problems using ordinary state-based peridynamics
- Reduced basis method for the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation regularized by the range-separated canonical tensor format
- Simulation of the crystallization processes by population balance model using a linear separation method
- PS and GW optimization of variable sliding gains mode control to stabilize a wind energy conversion system under the real wind in Adrar, Algeria
- Characteristics of internal flow of nozzle integrated with aircraft under transonic flow
- Magnetogasdynamic shock wave propagation using the method of group invariance in rotating medium with the flux of monochromatic radiation and azimuthal magnetic field
- The influence pulse-like near-field earthquakes on repairability index of reversible in mid-and short-rise buildings
- Intelligent controller for maximum power extraction of wind generation systems using ANN
- A new self-adaptive inertial CQ-algorithm for solving convex feasibility and monotone inclusion problems
- Existence and Hyers–Ulam stability of solutions for nonlinear three fractional sequential differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions
- A study on solvability of the fourth-order nonlinear boundary value problems
- Adaptive control for position and force tracking of uncertain teleoperation with actuators saturation and asymmetric varying time delays
- Framing the hydrothermal significance of water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a revolving disk
- Catalytic surface reaction on a vertical wavy surface placed in a non-Darcy porous medium
- Carleman framework filtering of nonlinear noisy phase-locked loop system
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to: numerical modeling of thermal influence to pollutant dispersion and dynamics of particles motion with various sizes in idealized street canyon
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Research Articles
- Testing of logarithmic-law for the slip with friction boundary condition
- A new clique polynomial approach for fractional partial differential equations
- The modified Rusanov scheme for solving the phonon-Bose model
- Delta-shock for a class of strictly hyperbolic systems of conservation laws
- The Cădariu–Radu method for existence, uniqueness and Gauss Hypergeometric stability of a class of Ξ-Hilfer fractional differential equations
- Novel periodic and optical soliton solutions for Davey–Stewartson system by generalized Jacobi elliptic expansion method
- The simulation of two-dimensional plane problems using ordinary state-based peridynamics
- Reduced basis method for the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation regularized by the range-separated canonical tensor format
- Simulation of the crystallization processes by population balance model using a linear separation method
- PS and GW optimization of variable sliding gains mode control to stabilize a wind energy conversion system under the real wind in Adrar, Algeria
- Characteristics of internal flow of nozzle integrated with aircraft under transonic flow
- Magnetogasdynamic shock wave propagation using the method of group invariance in rotating medium with the flux of monochromatic radiation and azimuthal magnetic field
- The influence pulse-like near-field earthquakes on repairability index of reversible in mid-and short-rise buildings
- Intelligent controller for maximum power extraction of wind generation systems using ANN
- A new self-adaptive inertial CQ-algorithm for solving convex feasibility and monotone inclusion problems
- Existence and Hyers–Ulam stability of solutions for nonlinear three fractional sequential differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions
- A study on solvability of the fourth-order nonlinear boundary value problems
- Adaptive control for position and force tracking of uncertain teleoperation with actuators saturation and asymmetric varying time delays
- Framing the hydrothermal significance of water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a revolving disk
- Catalytic surface reaction on a vertical wavy surface placed in a non-Darcy porous medium
- Carleman framework filtering of nonlinear noisy phase-locked loop system
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to: numerical modeling of thermal influence to pollutant dispersion and dynamics of particles motion with various sizes in idealized street canyon
