Home Eco-friendly synthesis of Cr2O3 nanoparticles with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Eco-friendly synthesis of Cr2O3 nanoparticles with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities

  • Anum Sehar ORCID logo , Raja Adil Sarfraz EMAIL logo , Yusra Arooj , Ahmad Farhan ORCID logo , Aqsa Nawaz ORCID logo , Muhammad Sajid , Syed Kashif Ali , Muhammad Azam Qamar ORCID logo EMAIL logo and M. Hisham Alnasir ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: March 26, 2025
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 116 Issue 4

Abstract

Metal nanoparticles synthesized by the green method show remarkably different properties from bulk materials due to their size, especially in biological applications. The study’s objective is to lessen the adverse effects of synthesis processes, the chemicals they use, and the derivative substances that come from them. One practical approach in green nanotechnology is the use of various biomaterials for the synthesis of nanoparticles. In the present study, chromium nanoparticles were fabricated using Fagonia indica (LEFI) leaf extract as a reducing agent. This technique produced 46 nm-sized nanoparticles that are not only highly stable but also hold promise for a range of applications. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. An alpha-amylase assay was used to determine the antidiabetic potential of the nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity of plant extract and chromium nanoparticles was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. The agar diffusion method was used to test how well chromium nanoparticles killed Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The study’s findings indicate that Cr2O3 nanoparticles have potential as physiologically active agents for bio-medicinal uses, providing reassurance for their future use.

Keywords: fagonia indica ; Cr2O3; alpha-amylase; antidiabetic
Corresponding author: Raja Adil Sarfraz, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan, E-mail: ; and Muhammad Azam Qamar, Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan, E-mail:

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All the authors contributed equally to the current research. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The author states no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: Not applicable.

  7. Data availability: None declared.

References

1. Zhang, L.; Shi, H.; Tan, X.; Jiang, Z.; Wang, P.; Qin, J. Front. Chem. 2022, 10, 898324; https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.898324.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

2. Shan, Z.; Yang, Y.; Shi, H.; Zhu, J.; Tan, X.; Luan, Y.; Jiang, Z.; Wang, P.; Qin, J. Front. Chem. 2021, 9, 755836. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.755836.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

3. Li, H.; Zhou, Y.; Liao, L.; Tan, H.; Li, Y.; Li, Z.; Zhou, B.; Bao, M.; He, B. Front. Pharmacol 2023, 13, 1022567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1022567.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

4. Tang, J.; Li, J.; Li, G.; Zhang, H.; Wang, L.; Li, D.; Ding, J. Int. J. Nanomed. 2017, 6687–6704. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S140569.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

5. Valko, M.; Morris, H.; Cronin, M. Curr. Med. Chem. 2005, 12, 1161–1208. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867053764635.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Lushchak, V. I.. Aquatic Toxicology Research Focus; Nova Science Publishers Inc.: Hauppaug, NY, USA, 2008; pp. 1–29.Search in Google Scholar

7. Piotrowska, A.; Mlyniec, K.; Siwek, A.; Dybala, M.; Opoka, W.; Poleszak, E.; Nowak, G. Pharmacol. Rep. 2008, 60, 991.Search in Google Scholar

8. Gibot, P.; Vidal, L. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2010, 30, 911–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.09.019.Search in Google Scholar

9. Khan, S. A.; Shahid, S.; Hanif, S.; Almoallim, H. S.; Alharbi, S. A.; Sellami, H. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020502.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

10. Iqbal, J.; Abbasi, B. A.; Munir, A.; Uddin, S.; Kanwal, S.; Mahmood, T. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2020, 83, 706–719. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23460.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Ishak, N. M.; Kamarudin, S.; Timmiati, S. Mater. Res. Exp. 2019, 6, 112004; https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab4458.Search in Google Scholar

12. Bhattarai, B.; Zaker, Y.; Bigioni, T. P. Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem. 2018, 12, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.06.007.Search in Google Scholar

13. Mohammadzadeh, V.; Barani, M.; Amiri, M. S.; Yazdi, M. E. T.; Hassanisaadi, M.; Rahdar, A.; Varma, R. S., Sustain. Chem. Pharm. 2022, 25, 100606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100606.Search in Google Scholar

14. Otho, A. A.; Memon, R. A.; Abro, S. A.; Memon, A. A. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2021, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02873-1.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Shehab, N. G.; Abu-Gharbieh, E.; Bayoumi, F. A. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2015, 15, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0919-6.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

16. Singh, J.; Dutta, T.; Kim, K. H.; Rawat, M.; Samddar, P.; Kumar, P. J. Nanobiotechnology. 2018, 16, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0408-4.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

17. Ullah, I.; Shinwari, Z. K.; Khalil, A. T. Pak. J. Bot. 2017, 49, 1561–1568. http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/papers/1502354768.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

18. Shabbir, A.; Shahzad, M.; Masci, P.; Gobe, G. C. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014, 157, 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.039.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Arshad, M.; Akbar, G.; Rashid, S. Hamdard Medicus (Pakistan), 2002. https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122650/records/647240e508fd68d546002b39.Search in Google Scholar

20. Chen, J.; Xu, Y.; Wei, G.; Liao, S.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, W.; Yuan, L.; Wang, Y. Phytochemistry 2015, 116, 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.04.005.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Yi-Wen, Z.; Mei-Hua, B.; Xiao-Ya, L.; Yu, C.; Jing, Y.; Hong-Hao, Z. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2018, 41, 707–712. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b17-00882.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Ncube, B.; Finnie, J.; Van Staden, J. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2012, 82, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.05.009.Search in Google Scholar

23. Shen, J.; Song, Z.; Qian, X.; Yang, F.; Kong, F. BioResources 2010, 5, 1328–1331; https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.3.1328-1331. https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/BioRes_05/BioRes_05_2_0510_Shen_SQLY_Editorial_Filler_Eng_Fiber_Eng_Topics_736.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

24. Yuan, Z.; Cheng, N.; Li, J.; Yuan, H.; Peng, J.; Qian, X.; Ni, Y.; He, Z.; Shen, J. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2024, 133280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133280.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

25. Adil, M.; Khan, T.; Aasim, M.; Khan, A. A.; Ashraf, M. AMB Express 2019, 9, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-019-0797-2.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

26. Kiani, B. H.; Ikram, F.; Fatima, H.; Alhodaib, A.; Haq, I. U.; Ur-Rehman, T.; Naz, I. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114872.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

27. Ali, M. Z.; Mehmood, M. H.; Saleem, M.; Akash, M. S. H.; Malik, A. Heliyon 2021, 7; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08094.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

28. Wickramaratne, M. N.; Punchihewa, J.; Wickramaratne, D. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2016, 16, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1452-y.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

29. Li, W.; Liu, X.; Liu, Z.; Xing, Q.; Liu, R.; Wu, Q.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, J. Front. pharmacol. 2024, 15, 1416403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1416403.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

30. Sathiavelu, A.; Sangeetha, S.; Archit, R.; Mythili, S. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 2013, 5, 323–328. https://www.itmedicalteam.pl/articles/in-vitro-antidiabetic-activity-of-aqueous-extract-of-the-medicinalplants-nigella-sativa-eugenia-jambolana-andrographis-paniculataand-gymnema-sylvestre.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

31. Siddiqui, A. J.; Danciu, C.; Ashraf, S. A.; Moin, A.; Singh, R.; Alreshidi, M.; Patel, M.; Jahan, S.; Kumar, S.; Alkhinjar, M. I.; Badraoui, R.; Snoussi, M.; Adnan, M. Plants 2020, 9, 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091244.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

32. Sher, M.; Khan, S. A.; Shahid, S.; Javed, M.; Qamar, M. A.; Chinnathambi, A.; Almoallim, H. S. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 105366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105366.Search in Google Scholar

33. Hassan, D.; Khalil, A. T.; Solangi, A. R.; El-Mallul, A.; Shinwari, Z. K.; Maaza, M. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2019, 33, e5041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-024-05151-7.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

34. Singh, J.; Verma, V.; Kumar, R. Vacuum 2019, 159, 282–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.033.Search in Google Scholar

35. Anandhi, J.; Rayer, S.; Chithambarathanu, T. Chem. Mater. 2017, 5, 43–55.10.13189/cme.2017.050204Search in Google Scholar

36. Panda, A. K.; Singh, A.; Divakar, R.; Krishna, N. G.; Reddy, V.; Thirumurugesan, R.; Murugesan, S.; Parameswaran, P.; Mohandas, E. Thin Solid Films 2018, 660, 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2018.06.030.Search in Google Scholar

37. Singh, J.; Verma, V.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, R. Mater. Res. Express 2019, 6, 106406; https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab3543.Search in Google Scholar

38. Shi, S.; Li, K.; Peng, J.; Li, J.; Luo, L.; Liu, M.; Chen, Y.; Xiang, Z.; Xiong, P.; Liu, L.; Cai, W. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022, 149, 112828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112828.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

39. Carmona-Jiménez, Y.; García-Moreno, M. V.; Igartuburu, J. M.; Barroso, C. G. Food Chem 2014, 165, 198–204; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.106.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

40. Abdul-Zahra, M. A.; Abbass, N. M. Iraqi J. Sci. 2024, 623–633; https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.2.4.Search in Google Scholar

41. Chauhan, A.; Sharma, P.; Srivastava, P.; Kumar, N.; Dudhe, R. Pharm. Lett. 2010, 2, 369–387. https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/plants-having-potential-antidiabetic-activity-a-review.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

42. Shahi, A.; Prasad, V.; Imam, S. S.; Muheem, A.; Jahangir, M. A.; Asian, J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci. 2018, 8, 28–38; https://doi.org/10.4066/2249-622X.65.18-845.Search in Google Scholar

43. Cheng, X.; Huang, J.; Li, H.; Zhao, D.; Liu, Z.; Zhu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Peng, W. Phytomedicine 2024, 126, 154887; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154887.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

44. Mahomoodally, M. F.; Lobine, D.; Picot-Allain, M. C.; Sadeer, N.; Jugreet, S.; Zengin, G. Curr. Med. Chem. 2021, 28, 4638–4669. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666201102120120.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

45. Wei, Y.; Xu, S.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, M.; Bao, M.; He, B. Medicine 2024, 103, e40412. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000040412.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

46. Slavova, I.; Genisheva, T.; Angelova, G.; Chalumov, V.; Tomova, T.; Argirova, M. Plants 2024, 13, 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101406.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

47. Gahlawat, G.; Choudhury, A. R. RSC Adv. 2019, 9, 12944–12967; https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA10483B.Search in Google Scholar

48. Qamar, M. A.; Javed, M.; Shahid, S.; Iqbal, S.; Abubshait, S. A.; Abubshait, H. A.; Ramay, S. M.; Mahmood, A.; Ghaithan, H. M., J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 105534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105534.Search in Google Scholar

49. Qamar, M. A.; Javed, M.; Shahid, S. Opt. Mater. 2022, 126, 112211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112211.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2024-09-11
Accepted: 2024-12-03
Published Online: 2025-03-26
Published in Print: 2025-04-28

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Enhancing polymer composites with date palm residues for sustainable innovation: a review
  4. Original Papers
  5. Performance assessment of disc brake systems fabricated from eco-friendly materials
  6. Study on tribological behavior of Phyllostachys bambusoides bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites from Arunachal Pradesh, India
  7. Charcoal ash derived from mature-wood twigs of neem (Azadirachta indica): an economical, accessible material with multifaceted application potential
  8. Degradation of organic pollutant through ternary metal oxides nanocomposite (MgO–CaO–CoO) photocatalyst synthesized using Daucus carota pomace extract
  9. Eco-friendly synthesis of Cr2O3 nanoparticles with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities
  10. Increased magnetic coercivity and enhanced microwave absorption in Cr2+–Al3+ doped BaSr ferrites and the composites with multiwall carbon nanotube
  11. Experimental determination of phase equilibria in the Ce–Co–Ti ternary system
  12. News
  13. DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2024-0250
Keywords for this article
fagonia indica; Cr2O3; alpha-amylase; antidiabetic

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Enhancing polymer composites with date palm residues for sustainable innovation: a review
  4. Original Papers
  5. Performance assessment of disc brake systems fabricated from eco-friendly materials
  6. Study on tribological behavior of Phyllostachys bambusoides bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites from Arunachal Pradesh, India
  7. Charcoal ash derived from mature-wood twigs of neem (Azadirachta indica): an economical, accessible material with multifaceted application potential
  8. Degradation of organic pollutant through ternary metal oxides nanocomposite (MgO–CaO–CoO) photocatalyst synthesized using Daucus carota pomace extract
  9. Eco-friendly synthesis of Cr2O3 nanoparticles with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities
  10. Increased magnetic coercivity and enhanced microwave absorption in Cr2+–Al3+ doped BaSr ferrites and the composites with multiwall carbon nanotube
  11. Experimental determination of phase equilibria in the Ce–Co–Ti ternary system
  12. News
  13. DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 17.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijmr-2024-0250/html
Scroll to top button